Ecosystems: Communities of Living Things — Reading Comprehension

Grades

About This Reader

This comprehensive reading passage introduces elementary students to the concept of ecosystems as communities where living things interact with each other and their environment. Written for grades 4-5, the content explains the two main components of ecosystems: biotic factors (living things like plants and animals) and abiotic factors (non-living elements like water, sunlight, and soil). Students will explore different ecosystem types including forests, deserts, oceans, and grasslands, while learning about ecological roles - producers that make their own food through photosynthesis, consumers that eat other organisms, and decomposers that break down dead matter. The passage illustrates how energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and more complex food webs, emphasizing the delicate balance required for healthy ecosystem function. Human impacts on ecosystems through pollution, deforestation, and climate change are addressed, along with conservation efforts and ways students can help protect natural habitats. The 10 multiple choice questions assess understanding of ecosystem components, ecological relationships, and environmental stewardship.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Did you know that the water you drink today might have once been inside a dinosaur millions of years ago? That's because Earth has been recycling the same water for billions of years through an amazing process called the water cycle!

The water cycle is the continuous journey that water takes as it moves from the Earth to the sky and back again. This cycle has no beginning or end—it's always happening all around us. Let's explore the different stages of this incredible natural process.

Evaporation

The water cycle begins with evaporation. When the sun heats up water in oceans, lakes, rivers, and even puddles, it turns into an invisible gas called water vapor. This is similar to what happens when water boils in a pot on the stove and creates steam. Plants also release water vapor from their leaves through a process called transpiration, which is like plant sweat!

Condensation

As water vapor rises high into the sky, it cools down. Cool air can't hold as much water vapor as warm air. When the water vapor cools enough, it changes back into tiny water droplets. These droplets gather around tiny particles of dust, smoke, or salt in the air, forming clouds. This process is called condensation. It's the same thing that happens when your cold drink "sweats" on a hot day.

Precipitation

When the water droplets in clouds become too heavy, they fall back to Earth as precipitation. Precipitation can be rain, snow, sleet, or hail, depending on the temperature. Rain is the most common form of precipitation. In colder areas or seasons, the precipitation might fall as snow or ice.

Collection

After precipitation falls, the water is collected in various places. Some water soaks into the ground, becoming groundwater that feeds springs and wells. This process is called infiltration. Some water flows over the land as runoff, eventually collecting in oceans, lakes, and rivers. Plants absorb some water through their roots. And the cycle begins again with evaporation!

The water cycle is crucial for life on Earth. It provides fresh water for plants, animals, and people. It helps regulate Earth's temperature and weather patterns. Without the water cycle, we wouldn't have rain to grow crops or clean water to drink.

However, human activities can affect the water cycle. Pollution can contaminate water sources. Cutting down forests reduces transpiration. Climate change is altering precipitation patterns in many places, causing some areas to experience droughts while others face floods.

We can all help protect the water cycle by conserving water, preventing pollution, and supporting efforts to address climate change. Remember, there is no new water being created—we're using the same water that has been cycling through our planet for billions of years. It's up to us to keep it clean and use it wisely!

What is the water cycle?

A way to clean waterThe continuous journey of water from Earth to sky and backA man-made system for moving waterA type of weather pattern

What happens during evaporation?

Water turns from liquid to gasWater turns from gas to liquidWater turns from liquid to solidWater turns from solid to liquid

What is transpiration?

When water freezes in the cloudsWhen water falls as rainWhen plants release water vapor from their leavesWhen groundwater flows into rivers

What causes water vapor to form clouds?

EvaporationCondensationPrecipitationCollection

Which of these is NOT a form of precipitation?

RainSnowEvaporationHail

What happens during infiltration?

Water soaks into the groundWater rises as vaporWater forms cloudsWater falls as rain

How long has Earth been recycling water?

About 100 yearsAbout 1,000 yearsAbout 1 million yearsBillions of years

Why is the water cycle important?

It provides fresh water for living thingsIt creates new waterIt removes salt from seawaterIt prevents floods from happening

How can human activities affect the water cycle?

They can't affect the water cycle at allThey can only affect oceansThey can cause pollution and change precipitation patternsThey can create more water

How can we help protect the water cycle?

By using more waterBy conserving water and preventing pollutionBy creating more cloudsBy stopping all rain