The Sun: Our Special Star — Passage
At the center of our solar system is a very special star - the Sun. It's the closest star to Earth and the most important object in our solar system. The Sun is so big that it makes up more than 99% of all the mass in our solar system. That means it's much, much bigger than all the planets, moons, asteroids, and comets combined!
The Sun is a ball of hot gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. It's so hot that these gases are in a special state called plasma. The center of the Sun is incredibly hot - about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit! This extreme heat causes nuclear reactions that create the Sun's energy. This energy travels outward from the Sun's core and eventually reaches us as light and heat.
The Sun's energy is what makes life on Earth possible. It warms our planet, drives our weather, and helps plants grow through a process called photosynthesis. Without the Sun, our planet would be a frozen, dark world where life as we know it couldn't exist.
The Sun doesn't just sit still in space. It rotates, or spins, just like Earth does. It takes about 25-35 days for the Sun to complete one rotation. The Sun also has some interesting features on its surface. Sunspots are dark areas that appear on the Sun's surface. They're cooler than the areas around them, but they're still incredibly hot!
Sometimes, the Sun releases huge bursts of energy and particles into space. These are called solar flares and coronal mass ejections. When these reach Earth, they can cause beautiful light shows in the sky called auroras. They can also interfere with satellites and power grids on Earth.
The Sun has been shining for about 4.6 billion years, and scientists estimate it will continue to shine for another 5 billion years. After that, it will run out of fuel and change into a different type of star. But don't worry - that's a very, very long time from now!
Studying the Sun helps us understand other stars in the universe. It also helps us protect our technology from solar storms and learn more about how stars affect the planets around them. The Sun may be just one star among billions in our galaxy, but to us, it's the most important star of all!
What is the main idea of this passage?
The Sun is a planetThe Sun is the center of our solar system and crucial for life on EarthThe Sun is made of solid rockThe Sun will explode soonWhich of the following is a supporting detail about the Sun's composition?
It's made mostly of hydrogen and heliumIt's made of water and iceIt's composed of rock and metalIt's filled with air like Earth's atmosphereWhat is the temperature at the center of the Sun?
100 degrees Fahrenheit1,000 degrees Fahrenheit1 million degrees Fahrenheit27 million degrees FahrenheitHow does the Sun's energy reach Earth?
Through sound wavesThrough gravityAs light and heatAs radio wavesWhat are sunspots?
Bright spots on the Sun's surfaceDark areas that appear on the Sun's surfaceHoles in the SunSmall planets orbiting the SunAccording to the passage, how long will the Sun continue to shine?
For about 100 yearsFor about 1,000 yearsFor about 1 million yearsFor about 5 billion yearsCommon core standards covered
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