The Hottest Planet in the Solar System — Reading Comprehension
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MS-ESS1-3
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This NGSS-aligned middle school reading passage explains why Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system. Students learn that although Mercury is closer to the Sun, Venus has a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere that traps heat through the greenhouse effect. The passage explores how sulfuric acid clouds and a slow rotation also contribute to Venus's extreme temperature. With key vocabulary and real-world connections, this text builds science comprehension while supporting NGSS Earth and Space Science standards focused on planetary systems and climate impacts.
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The hottest planet in our solar system is Venus. Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, Venus is hotter because of its thick atmosphere. Venus is the second planet from the Sun and has a surface temperature of around 465°C (869°F)—hot enough to melt lead!
Venus has a thick layer of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas in its atmosphere. This gas traps heat from the Sun in a process called the greenhouse effect. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere, but the heat gets trapped and can’t escape. This makes Venus much hotter than it would be based only on its distance from the Sun.
The clouds on Venus are also made of sulfuric acid, which reflects sunlight and keeps the planet extremely bright. But these clouds do not cool the planet. Instead, they add to the trapping of heat, making Venus the hottest world in the solar system—even hotter than Mercury, which has no atmosphere to hold in heat.
Scientists study Venus to understand how greenhouse gases affect planets. Learning about Venus helps us understand how climate change could affect Earth in the future.
Fun Fact: A day on Venus is longer than its year—it takes Venus more time to rotate once than to orbit the Sun!
Which planet is the hottest in the solar system?
MercuryEarthMarsVenus
What makes Venus hotter than Mercury?
Its closer distance to the SunIts thick atmosphere traps heatIts surface is made of lavaIt rotates faster
What gas is most responsible for the greenhouse effect on Venus?
OxygenNitrogenCarbon dioxideHelium
What is the surface temperature on Venus?
100°C250°C465°C900°C
What are Venus’s clouds made of?
Water vaporSulfuric acidMethane gasDust and ice
Why is Mercury not as hot as Venus?
Mercury is farther from the SunMercury has waterMercury has no atmosphere to trap heatMercury rotates faster
What is the main idea of the passage?
Venus and Earth are the sameVenus has water and oxygenVenus is the hottest planet due to its thick atmosphereMercury is the most dangerous planet
How can studying Venus help scientists?
It shows how to live on other planetsIt helps predict solar flaresIt teaches about the greenhouse effect and climate changeIt explains how the Moon formed
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