The Philosophy of Daoism: The Way of Nature — Reading Comprehension

Daoism, also spelled Taoism, is an ancient Chinese philosophy that teaches people to live in harmony with the natural world. Scholars believe Daoism began during the late Zhou Dynasty, around the 6th century BCE, as Chinese society faced war and political chaos. The philosophy is often linked to a legendary sage named Laozi, who is said to have written the foundational text called the Dao De Jing.

Central to Daoism is the concept of the Dao, or "the Way." The Dao represents the natural order of the universe, which cannot be fully described or controlled. Daoists believe that by following the Dao, people can achieve balance and peace. The Dao De Jing encourages individuals to practice wu wei, meaning "non-action" or "effortless action." Instead of forcing things to happen, Daoism teaches that people should align their actions with the rhythms of nature, much like water flowing around rocks in a stream.

Primary sources such as the Dao De Jing offer advice through poetry and metaphor. One passage states, "Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished." Archaeological evidence, including ancient manuscripts found in tombs at Mawangdui, supports the early importance of Daoist texts. Daoism also introduced the concept of yin and yang, which describes how opposite forces, such as darkness and light, are interconnected and create harmony in the universe.

Daoism changed over time but remained influential throughout Chinese history. During the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), Daoism became more organized as a religion, with temples and rituals. Daoist ideas influenced Chinese medicine, art, and even government policies. For example, Emperor Wu of Han sometimes consulted Daoist scholars for advice. Daoism differed from Confucianism, which focused on social order and rules, and from Legalism, which stressed strict laws. Daoism valued simplicity, humility, and living close to nature, which appealed to many people, especially during times of unrest.

Today, Daoism continues to shape Chinese culture and is practiced around the world. Its teachings remind people to respect the environment and find inner peace. Studying Daoism helps us understand how ancient philosophies still influence modern life and connect to broader themes like ethics, belief systems, and the relationship between humans and nature.

Interesting Fact: Some historians believe Laozi may not have been a single person, but rather a legendary figure created to represent early Daoist ideas.

When did Daoism begin?

Who is the legendary founder of Daoism?

What is the main text of Daoism?

What does Dao represent?

How did Daoism influence government?

Why did Daoism appeal in times of unrest?

Yin and yang are connected forces.

What does 'wu wei' mean?