This learning resource is available in interactive and printable formats. The interactive worksheet can be played online and assigned to students. The Printable PDF version can be downloaded and printed for completion by hand.
This Grade 4 physical science reading passage introduces students to the concept of patterns in water waves, aligned with NGSS Disciplinary Core Idea PS4.A. Students explore how dropping objects into water creates waves that move outward in repeating circular patterns. The passage uses simple, age-appropriate language to explain wave behavior and help students observe and describe wave patterns. Through real-world examples like raindrops on puddles and stones dropped in ponds, students build foundational understanding of how waves create predictable patterns. The passage is audio-integrated, allowing students to listen while reading. Accompanying activities include multiple-choice comprehension questions, writing prompts that encourage students to explain wave patterns using evidence from the text, and graphic organizers that help students analyze cause-and-effect relationships in wave formation. This resource supports elementary science instruction by providing accessible content that prepares students for hands-on investigations and classroom discussions about wave patterns and energy transfer.
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Detailed view of rippling ocean water, showcasing serene patterns and textures. Image credit Maksim Goncharenok / Pexels.
Waves are disturbances that move through water or other materials. When you drop a stone into a pond, you create waves that spread across the water's surface. Understanding wave patterns helps scientists predict how energy moves through different materials.
Water waves move in a repeating pattern, which means they happen over and over in the same way. When the stone hits the water, it pushes the water down. The water then bounces back up and creates a bump, or crest, which is the highest point of a wave. Next to each crest is a low point called a trough. These crests and troughs move outward in circles from where the stone landed.
The pattern repeats because energy from the stone travels through the water. Think of it like pushing a swing—one push creates a back-and-forth motion that keeps repeating. Each wave looks similar to the one before it. The circles get bigger as they move away from the center, but the pattern stays the same.
You can observe wave patterns in many places. Raindrops create tiny waves in puddles. Wind makes waves on lakes. Even throwing a ball into a pool creates the same circular pattern. Scientists measure the distance between wave crests to understand how much energy is moving through the water. By studying these patterns, we learn how waves carry energy from one place to another without moving the water itself very far.
What are waves?
Movements that travel through materialsOnly found in oceansCreated by wind onlyDo not carry energy
What is the highest point of a wave?
TroughCrestPatternCircle
What creates waves in a pond?
Fish swimmingDropping a stone in waterSunlight on waterCold temperature
Why do wave patterns repeat?
Water changes colorFish push the waterEnergy travels through the waterWind stops blowing
How do waves carry energy?
By moving water very farThrough repeating up and down motionBy heating the waterOnly in straight lines
What do scientists measure about waves?
The color of waterHow cold the water isDistance between wave crestsNumber of fish nearby
Waves move water very far from its starting place.
TrueFalse
What does 'repeating pattern' mean?
Happens once and stopsChanges every timeOccurs the same way again and againNever happens in nature
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