Why Do Big Waves Knock You Over — Reading Comprehension
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NGSS PS4.A
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This learning resource is available in interactive and printable formats. The interactive worksheet can be played online and assigned to students. The Printable PDF version can be downloaded and printed for completion by hand.
This engaging reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the relationship between wave amplitude and energy, aligned with NGSS standard PS4.A. Students explore why large ocean waves have enough force to knock them over while small ripples barely move them. The passage uses familiar beach experiences to explain that wave amplitude (height) is directly related to the amount of energy the wave carries. Through clear explanations and relatable examples, students build foundational understanding of how waves transfer energy. The passage includes audio integration for accessibility, bolded vocabulary terms with immediate definitions, and real-world applications. Supplementary activities include multiple-choice comprehension questions, writing prompts requiring students to apply their understanding, and graphic organizers that help students compare different wave types and analyze cause-and-effect relationships. The simplified differentiated version ensures all learners can access the core science concept through shorter sentences and scaffolded structure. Spanish translations are provided for both versions to support English language learners.
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Children having fun in ocean waves on a sunny summer beach day.Image credit by Julia Kuzenkov / Pexels.
A wave is a disturbance that travels through water, air, or other materials. All waves carry energy from one place to another. Energy is the ability to make things move or change. When a wave reaches you, it transfers its energy to your body.
The amplitude of a wave is its height from the middle to the top. Amplitude tells us how much energy a wave carries. A wave with high amplitude carries more energy than a wave with low amplitude. This is why a tall ocean wave can push you with great force, while a tiny ripple barely touches you.
When you stand in the ocean and a large wave hits you, the energy in that wave pushes against your body. If the wave carries enough energy, it can knock you off balance or even knock you down. The taller the wave, the more energy it has, and the stronger it pushes. Think of it like this: a gentle tap on your shoulder uses little energy and doesn't move you much. But a strong push uses more energy and can make you stumble.
Small waves, like ripples from a pebble dropped in a pond, have low amplitude. They carry very little energy, so they can't move objects much. Large waves, like those created by strong winds or storms, have high amplitude. They carry lots of energy and can move heavy objects, including people. Understanding wave amplitude helps us stay safe at the beach and explains how waves do work in our world.
What does a wave carry?
Energy from place to placeWater from ocean to landSand from beach to seaAir from sky to ground
What is wave amplitude?
The speed of the waveThe color of the waveThe height of the waveThe length of the wave
Why can big waves knock you over?
They are made of salt waterThey carry more energyThey are very coldThey move very slowly
What happens when a wave reaches you?
It transfers energy to your bodyIt disappears completelyIt turns into airIt becomes smaller
Which wave carries more energy?
A wave with low amplitudeA wave with high amplitudeA wave that moves slowlyA wave in a pond
What creates large waves with high amplitude?
Gentle breezes and calm weatherFish swimming in the oceanStrong winds or stormsPeople walking on the beach
Small ripples carry very little energy.
TrueFalse
Energy is the ability to:
Make things wetMake things move or changeMake things coldMake things disappear
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• Reading comprehension practice
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👨👩👧👦 Parents
• Reading practice at home
• Comprehension improvement
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• Reading curriculum support
• Independent reading practice
• Progress monitoring
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