The Russian Revolution and Exit from WWI — Reading Comprehension

The Russian Revolution began in 1917, transforming the government and society of Russia. As World War I strained the Russian Empire, unrest grew among workers, peasants, and soldiers. Many Russians were suffering from hunger, poverty, and the loss of millions of lives in the war. The revolution brought dramatic change to Russia, ending centuries of rule by the Tsar and leading to the creation of a communist state led by the Bolsheviks.

One of the main causes of the revolution was the hardship caused by World War I. By 1917, Russian soldiers faced poor conditions and heavy losses on the Eastern Front. The government, led by Tsar Nicholas II, was unable to provide enough food or supplies. In February 1917, protests broke out in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) over food shortages and government failures. The Tsar abdicated, ending the Romanov dynasty that had ruled Russia for over 300 years. The new provisional government tried to continue the war, but it remained unpopular.

In October 1917, the Bolsheviks, a revolutionary group led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power in Petrograd. They promised "peace, land, and bread" to the people. The Bolsheviks took over government buildings and arrested leaders of the provisional government. They issued the Decree on Peace, calling for Russia to exit World War I. Soon after, they faced fierce opposition from other political groups and foreign powers, leading to a civil war within Russia.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed in March 1918 between Russia and Germany. This treaty officially ended Russia's involvement in World War I. Russia gave up large territories, including parts of Ukraine, Poland, and the Baltic states. This decision was controversial and caused hardship for many Russians, but it allowed the Bolsheviks to focus on solidifying their control at home. According to the diary of a Russian soldier in 1918, "The war is over for us, but the struggle in our own land has just begun." The revolution and treaty changed the political and social structure of Russia forever.

The Russian Revolution had a major impact on world history. It inspired other revolutionary movements and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The exit from World War I weakened the Allied Powers but allowed the Bolsheviks to establish a communist regime. The events in Russia showed how war, hardship, and social divisions could lead to dramatic change.

This topic connects to broader themes of revolution, government change, and the influence of war on society.

Interesting Fact: After the revolution, the Russian royal family was moved to Siberia and eventually executed, marking the end of the Romanov dynasty.

Who led the Bolsheviks?

What treaty ended Russia's WWI involvement?

Which city was called Petrograd in 1917?

Why did Russians protest in 1917?

What was the promise of the Bolsheviks?

What happened after the Tsar abdicated?

The Bolsheviks were a revolutionary group. True or false?

What does "Tsar" mean?