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America Enters the War: 1917 — Reading Comprehension

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This comprehensive history reading passage explores America’s entry into World War I in 1917, examining the causes, events, and consequences of this major turning point. Students will learn about the impact of unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram, and President Woodrow Wilson’s decision to join the Allies. The passage uses primary sources and engages students in critical thinking about cause and effect, change over time, and geographic context. Activities include a glossary, multiple-choice quiz, writing prompts, graphic organizers, and a Spanish translation. Aligns with CA HSS 10.6.1 and CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.6.3. Read aloud audio and Spanish translation support diverse learners. Ideal for deepening historical understanding and analytical skills.

CONTENT PREVIEW

German U-Boat.
Source: Library of Congress - Bain News Service

In 1917, the United States made a crucial decision to join World War I, changing both the war’s outcome and its own place in world affairs. For nearly three years, the U.S. remained neutral, refusing to take sides in the conflict that had consumed Europe. However, a series of dramatic events forced the country to abandon neutrality and enter the war alongside the Allied Powers.

One of the main reasons America joined the war was Germany’s policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. German submarines, called U-boats, attacked ships trading with Britain and France, even those carrying American citizens. On May 7, 1915, the British passenger ship Lusitania was sunk by a German U-boat off the coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans. This attack sparked outrage in the U.S. and was widely reported in newspapers, with President Woodrow Wilson demanding that Germany stop these attacks. Despite promises, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, hoping to weaken Britain before the U.S. could respond.

Another key factor was the Zimmermann Telegram. In January 1917, British intelligence intercepted a secret message from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to Mexico. The telegram proposed a military alliance: if Mexico joined Germany and attacked the U.S., Germany promised to help Mexico regain lost territories in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. When British officials shared the telegram with President Wilson, it was published in American newspapers, shocking the public and increasing support for war.

By April 1917, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany, stating, “The world must be made safe for democracy.” Congress agreed, and the U.S. officially entered World War I on April 6, 1917. Soon, American soldiers, known as the American Expeditionary Force, traveled to Europe. Their arrival provided a much-needed boost to the exhausted Allied armies and helped turn the tide against the Central Powers. The U.S. contributed not only troops but also resources, technology, and economic support. The war ended in November 1918 with the defeat of Germany and its allies.

America’s entry into World War I marked a turning point in both the conflict and U.S. history. The decision ended the country’s traditional isolationism and established the U.S. as a global power. The war also changed American society, leading to new roles for women, increased propaganda, and debates about civil liberties. Understanding why and how the U.S. entered the war helps us see the connections between world events, geography, and the responsibilities of nations.

This moment links to broader themes in world history, such as how alliances, technology, and public opinion can shape the course of wars and the fate of societies.

Interesting Fact: During World War I, the U.S. government created the Committee on Public Information to spread news and encourage support for the war through posters, movies, and speeches.

When did the U.S. enter World War I?

April 1917May 1915November 1918January 1917

What ship was sunk by a U-boat?

LusitaniaTitanicArizonaMissouri

Who was U.S. President in 1917?

Woodrow WilsonTheodore RooseveltAbraham LincolnFranklin D. Roosevelt

Why did Germany resume submarine warfare in 1917?

To weaken BritainTo help MexicoTo protect shipsTo stop trade

How did the Zimmermann Telegram affect Americans?

Increased support for warDecreased tradeLed to peace talksStopped immigration

What was a result of U.S. entry?

Boosted Allied armiesEnded trench warfareSupported the Central PowersMade Germany win