Constitutional Convention 1787: Creating US Constitution — Reading Comprehension

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and resulted in the creation of the United States Constitution. The event was a turning point in American history. Delegates from twelve of the thirteen states gathered because the existing government, formed under the Articles of Confederation, was weak and could not solve national problems such as trade disputes, unpaid debts, and security threats. The states recognized the need for a stronger, more effective national government.

One major problem was that the Articles of Confederation gave little power to Congress. Congress could not collect taxes or regulate commerce between states. This situation led to economic instability and conflict. For example, states argued over tariffs and trade rules. In the words of George Washington, who led the convention, "We are fast verging to anarchy and confusion." Washington’s statement highlights the urgency for change and the fear that the new nation might collapse if nothing was done.

Delegates at the convention had different perspectives and interests. Some, like Alexander Hamilton, wanted a very strong central government. Others, like George Mason, feared that too much power in the hands of a few would threaten liberty. Small states worried they would be dominated by larger ones. Larger states, on the other hand, wanted their bigger populations to have more influence. These conflicting interests made agreement difficult and led to heated debates.

Despite these differences, the delegates used negotiation and compromise to solve problems. The most famous was the Great Compromise, which created a two-house legislature: the Senate, where each state had equal representation, and the House of Representatives, where seats were based on population. This structure balanced state and national power and satisfied both large and small states. Another controversial issue was slavery. Some delegates wanted to end the slave trade, while others insisted it remain. The resulting compromise allowed the slave trade to continue for twenty more years, revealing the contradictions and limitations of unity in this new government.

The Constitution also established the principle of federalism, dividing power between the national and state governments. This was a significant change from the Articles of Confederation, which left most power with the states. The new system created three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial, each with its own duties. This separation of powers was designed to prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful.

Not all Americans supported the new Constitution. The Federalists argued that it was necessary for stability and unity. The Anti-Federalists worried that it did not protect individual rights enough. To address these concerns, the Bill of Rights—ten amendments guaranteeing basic freedoms—was promised and later added. The Constitution was finally ratified in 1788 after intense debate in the states.

The Constitutional Convention shows how compromise, disagreement, and debate were essential to the founding of the United States. The framers did not create a perfect system, but their willingness to listen, negotiate, and use evidence shaped a government that has lasted for over two centuries.

Interesting Fact: Rhode Island did not send any delegates to the Constitutional Convention and was the last state to ratify the Constitution in 1790.

Where was the Constitutional Convention held?

Which document did the Convention replace?

Who led the Constitutional Convention?

Why did small states worry during the Convention?

What was the Great Compromise?

Why did some oppose the Constitution?

The Constitution was ratified in 1788.

What does 'federalism' mean?