Deborah Sampson: Woman Soldier in Revolutionary War — Reading Comprehension

Deborah Sampson disguised herself as a man and enlisted in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Her story challenges traditional ideas about gender roles and highlights the complex reasons people joined the fight for independence. Sampson’s decision was motivated by both personal need and political conviction. She needed money to support herself, but she also believed in the revolutionary cause. This dual motivation sets her apart from many other soldiers, who were mostly men fighting for glory, freedom, or duty.

At the time, women were legally and socially barred from military service. However, Sampson found a solution by adopting the name "Robert Shurtliff" and successfully enlisting in 1782. She underwent the hardships of military life, including long marches, hunger, and disease. Sampson also faced the constant risk of being discovered, which could have led to punishment or disgrace. Despite these dangers, she managed to serve for over a year. This reveals both her determination and the limitations placed on women by society.

Sampson’s experiences differed from those of her male comrades. While most male soldiers could openly form friendships and rely on camaraderie, Sampson had to keep her identity secret. This secret separated her from the group and increased her psychological burden. Yet, her military records show she performed bravely in several battles. In a letter, Sampson later wrote, "I had not only to encounter the common fatigues of war, but to bear the peculiar difficulties of my situation." This primary source quote illustrates the extra challenges she faced as a woman in disguise. It also provides evidence of her resilience and the broader struggle for women’s equality.

Differing perspectives existed about women’s participation in war. Some officers admired Sampson’s bravery after her identity was revealed, and recommended her for honorable discharge. However, others considered her actions improper and even dangerous for social order. These conflicting viewpoints reflect the contradiction between the revolutionary ideals of liberty and the era’s strict gender norms. The army itself depended on strict discipline and clear roles, but the cause of independence was about breaking unjust boundaries. Sampson’s story shows how individuals could both challenge and reinforce social expectations at the same time.

After her service, Sampson faced new problems. She struggled to receive a military pension because the government did not recognize female soldiers. Over time, she spoke publicly about her experiences, becoming a symbol of courage for some and a subject of controversy for others. Her speeches and petitions for benefits contributed to larger debates about women’s rights in the new nation. Sampson’s life demonstrates how personal actions can influence public policy and social attitudes.

In comparing Deborah Sampson’s journey to the experiences of her fellow soldiers, historians see both similarities and important differences. Like other soldiers, she was motivated by a mix of economic and political reasons. Unlike them, she had to overcome barriers rooted in gender discrimination. Sampson’s legacy is not simply about heroism, but about the power of individuals to challenge boundaries and expand ideas of citizenship.

Interesting Fact: Deborah Sampson is one of the few women in American history to receive a full military pension for service in the Revolutionary War.

What name did Deborah Sampson use?

In what year did Sampson enlist?

What did Sampson struggle to receive after the war?

Why did Sampson keep her identity secret?

How did some officers react to Sampson?

What does Sampson's quote show?

Deborah Sampson received a military pension. True or false?

What does 'disguise' mean in the passage?