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This 250-word reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the fundamental concept of potential energy aligned with NGSS standard 4-PS3-1. Students explore potential energy as stored energy that objects possess because of their position or arrangement. Through relatable examples such as balls held at different heights, stretched rubber bands, and books on shelves, students build foundational understanding of how energy can be stored and later released to cause motion. The passage uses age-appropriate language and avoids complex terminology like gravitational potential energy, focusing instead on the core idea that stored energy can make things move. This resource includes audio integration for accessibility, a simplified differentiated version for struggling readers, Spanish translations of both versions, a comprehensive glossary, multiple-choice questions testing recall and application, writing activities requiring explanation and real-world connections, and graphic organizers for visual learning. The passage prepares students for hands-on investigations and discussions about energy transfer, setting up understanding that stored energy converts to motion energy. Perfect for introducing PS3.A Disciplinary Core Ideas in an engaging, standards-aligned format suitable for elementary science classrooms.
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A ball on a high shelf stores potential energy before it falls.
Potential energy is stored energy. It is energy that an object has because of where it is or how it is positioned. This energy is waiting to be released and can make things move.
Think about a ball sitting on a shelf. The ball has stored energy because it is up high. When the ball falls, that stored energy changes into motion energy, which is the energy of movement. The higher the shelf, the more stored energy the ball has. This means it will move faster when it falls.
A stretched rubber band also has potential energy. When you pull a rubber band and stretch it, you give it stored energy. The rubber band wants to return to its normal shape. When you let go, the stored energy is released and the rubber band snaps back quickly.
Another example is a book resting on a table. The book has potential energy because it is above the ground. If the book slides off the table, its stored energy becomes motion energy as it falls.
Potential energy is important because it helps us understand how objects can have energy even when they are not moving. The position of an object—whether it is high or low, stretched or relaxed—determines how much stored energy it has. When that energy is released, it can cause movement.
What is potential energy?
Energy of moving objectsStored energy from positionEnergy from the sunEnergy that makes sound
What happens to stored energy when released?
It disappears completelyIt becomes motion energyIt stays the sameIt turns into light
Which has more stored energy?
Ball on a low shelfBall on a high shelfBall on the floorAll have the same energy
Why does a stretched rubber band snap?
It wants to breakIt releases stored energyIt gains more energyIt becomes heavier
What determines how much stored energy exists?
The object's colorThe object's weight onlyThe object's positionThe object's age
A book falls from a table. What happens?
It gains stored energyStored energy becomes motion energyIt loses all energyNothing changes
Objects must move to have energy.
TrueFalse
Which term means energy of movement?
Potential energyStored energyMotion energyPosition energy
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