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This 250-word reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the concept of energy transformation using a slingshot as a concrete, relatable example. Aligned with NGSS standard 4-PS3-1 and Disciplinary Core Ideas PS3.A and PS3.C, the passage explains how pulling back a slingshot's elastic band stores elastic potential energy, and how releasing it converts that stored energy into kinetic energy. Students learn that the amount of energy stored depends on how far back the band is pulled—demonstrating that a system of objects may contain stored energy depending on their relative positions. The passage uses simple, age-appropriate language and avoids complex terminology, making it accessible to typical fourth-grade readers. Real-world comparisons help students understand the relationship between stored energy and motion. Audio integration supports diverse learners by providing multiple ways to access the content. The accompanying activities include multiple-choice questions testing recall and comprehension, short-answer writing prompts requiring students to explain and apply concepts, and graphic organizers that help visualize the cause-and-effect relationship between pulling distance and energy transformation. This foundational lesson prepares students for hands-on investigations and deeper discussions about energy in physical systems.
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When you pull back the elastic band on a slingshot, you are doing work by stretching the band. Image credit Sunriseforever / Pixabay.
A slingshot is a simple tool that shows how energy can change from one form to another. When you pull back the elastic band on a slingshot, you are doing work by stretching the band. This stretching stores elastic potential energy, which is energy stored in objects that are stretched or compressed.
The farther you pull back the elastic band, the more potential energy gets stored. Think of it like winding up a toy—the more you wind it, the longer it can move. When you release the band, all that stored energy doesn't just disappear. Instead, it transforms into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. The stored energy makes the object in the slingshot fly forward.
This change from potential energy to kinetic energy happens very quickly. If you pull the band back just a little bit, the object moves slowly because less energy was stored. But if you pull it back far, the object moves much faster because more energy was stored and then released. The position of the band—how far back it is pulled—determines how much energy is available.
This is an example of energy transformation, where energy changes from one type to another but is never lost. Understanding how a slingshot works helps us see that stored energy in a system can be released to cause motion.
What is stored when you pull back the elastic band?
Elastic potential energySound energyLight energyHeat energy
What is kinetic energy?
Energy from the sunEnergy of motionEnergy from foodEnergy from batteries
What happens when you pull the band back farther?
Less energy is storedThe band breaksMore energy is storedNothing changes
Why does the object move faster when pulled back more?
The object is lighterMore stored energy was releasedThe air is thinnerThe slingshot is bigger
What determines how much energy is available in a slingshot?
The color of the bandThe weather outsideThe position of the bandThe size of the object
What happens to stored potential energy when you release the band?
It disappears completelyIt transforms into kinetic energyIt stays in the bandIt turns into light
Energy is lost when it transforms from one type to another.
TrueFalse
What does 'energy transformation' mean?
Energy disappearing foreverEnergy changing from one form to anotherEnergy staying the sameEnergy being created from nothing
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