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This engaging 250-word science passage explains refraction for Grade 4-5 students, aligned with NGSS 4-PS4-2. Students discover how light bends when it passes from one material into another, such as from air into water. The passage uses the familiar example of a straw appearing bent in a glass of water to make the abstract concept of refraction tangible and relatable. Through clear explanations, students learn that refraction occurs because light travels at different speeds in different materials, causing it to change direction at the boundary between them. The content includes audio integration for enhanced accessibility and engagement. Key vocabulary terms like refraction, material, speed, and boundary are introduced naturally within the context. Students explore real-world applications and develop understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in light behavior. The passage is accompanied by comprehension questions, writing activities, and graphic organizers that reinforce learning objectives and promote critical thinking about light properties and wave behavior.
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Light bends coming out of the water, so your eyes see the pencil in a new spot! The pencil isn't really bent—it's light playing a trick!
Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines. When light moves through one material (a substance like air, water, or glass) and enters a different material, it can change direction. This change helps explain many things we observe in everyday life.
Have you noticed that a straw in a glass of water looks bent or broken at the surface? The straw is not actually bent. Light travels at different speeds through different materials. When light moves from air into water, it slows down and changes direction slightly. This makes the straw appear bent even though it is straight.
The same thing happens when you look at a fish in an aquarium or a pool. The fish may not be exactly where it appears to be. Light coming from the fish bends when it leaves the water and enters the air. Your eyes see the bent light, so the fish looks like it is in a different spot.
This bending of light is why lenses (curved pieces of glass or plastic) work. Eyeglasses use lenses to bend light in helpful ways. The lenses change the direction of light before it reaches your eyes, helping you see more clearly. Magnifying glasses also use this principle to make objects look bigger.
Understanding how light bends when it moves between materials helps us create useful tools and explains the interesting things we see every day.
How does light normally travel?
In straight linesIn curved pathsIn zigzag patternsIn circular loops
What happens to light in water?
It speeds upIt slows downIt stops movingIt disappears
What are lenses made from?
Metal or woodPaper or clothGlass or plasticStone or clay
Why does a straw look bent?
The straw is actually bentLight changes direction in waterWater makes straws softOur eyes play tricks
How do eyeglasses help people see?
They make eyes strongerThey clean the eyesThey bend light helpfullyThey add more light
Why might a fish appear differently?
Fish can change their positionLight bends leaving the waterWater makes fish invisibleFish move very quickly
Light is a form of energy.
TrueFalse
What is a material?
A type of lightA substance like air or waterA kind of energyA tool for seeing
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