The Specific Heat Capacity of Water — Reading Comprehension

Grades

Standards

MS-PS3
HS-PS3
RI.6.3
RI.7.1

About This Reader

This middle school science reading passage, 'The Specific Heat Capacity of Water,' explains how water's high specific heat makes it slow to heat and cool, helping regulate body temperature, climate, and weather. Students learn that specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C. The passage compares water to other materials like sand and metal and explains how water's thermal properties are important in science, engineering, and the natural world. It aligns with NGSS MS-PS1-4 and Common Core standards RI.6.1 and RI.6.4. With 8 comprehension questions, a fun fact, and relatable examples, this resource builds science literacy while exploring heat and energy.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Water is all around us—in oceans, lakes, rivers, and even our own bodies. But did you know that water has a special property that makes it very good at holding heat? This property is called specific heat capacity.

Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. Water has a very high specific heat capacity compared to most other materials. It takes more energy to heat water than it does to heat metal, sand, or many other substances.

This is why water heats up slowly and cools down slowly too. On a hot day, sand at the beach may burn your feet, but the ocean feels cool. That’s because water resists quick temperature changes.

The high specific heat of water is also why our bodies, which are made mostly of water, stay at a stable temperature. It helps keep animals, people, and even plants from overheating or cooling too quickly.

Water’s ability to store and release heat also plays a huge role in climate and weather. Oceans and lakes absorb heat during the day and release it at night, helping to balance temperatures in the environment.

In summary, the specific heat capacity of water is high, which means it takes a lot of energy to heat it up. This makes water an important part of life on Earth, from keeping our bodies stable to helping regulate the planet’s temperature.

Fun Fact: Water's high specific heat is so powerful that the ocean stores 1,000 times more heat than the atmosphere—helping to shape weather all over the world!

What is specific heat capacity?

The energy needed to boil a substanceThe time it takes to cool a substanceThe amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°CThe weight of a material

What is true about water’s specific heat capacity?

It is lower than metalIt is very highIt changes oftenIt doesn’t affect temperature

Why does the ocean feel cool even when the sand is hot?

The sand reflects more heatWater evaporates quicklyWater heats up more slowly due to its high specific heatSand stores energy better

Which of the following materials has a higher specific heat capacity than water?

IronCopperSandNone of the above

How does water’s high specific heat help humans?

It makes water heavierIt helps the body keep a stable temperatureIt helps water boil fasterIt keeps skin cool only when swimming

How does specific heat affect the environment?

Oceans trap water under the surfaceWater absorbs and releases heat, helping control temperatureIt makes rain fall fasterIt increases ocean waves

What happens to water when it gains heat slowly?

It changes colorIt breaks into gas quicklyIt slowly increases in temperatureIt freezes