Understanding Sunspots — Reading Comprehension

Sunspots are dark areas on the Sun’s surface that appear as spots. They are caused by strong magnetic activity, which reduces the temperature in those areas compared to the surrounding regions. Sunspots are usually found in pairs or groups and can last for a few days to a few months.

Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the Sun’s surface, with temperatures around 4,000°C (7,232°F), while the surrounding areas can reach 5,500°C (9,932°F). Although sunspots appear dark, they are still very bright and hot compared to Earth’s standards.

The number of sunspots varies over an 11-year cycle, known as the solar cycle. During the peak of this cycle, called the solar maximum, the number of sunspots increases. Conversely, during the solar minimum, the number of sunspots decreases.

Sunspots can have effects on Earth. They can cause minor disruptions in radio communications and navigation systems when they are particularly active. However, they can also produce beautiful auroras, known as the Northern and Southern Lights, near Earth’s poles.

What causes sunspots on the Sun’s surface?

How long can sunspots last?

What is the temperature of sunspots compared to the surrounding areas?

What is the term for the peak of the 11-year solar cycle?

During which phase of the solar cycle are there more sunspots?

What natural phenomenon can sunspots produce near Earth's poles?