What Is Space Weather and How Does It Affect the Earth? — Reading Comprehension
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MS-ESS2-2
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This NGSS-aligned science passage for middle school explains what space weather is and how it affects Earth. Students learn that space weather is caused by activity from the Sun, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which send charged particles through space. The passage describes how Earth’s magnetic field protects us, but strong space weather can still cause geomagnetic storms, power outages, and satellite disruption. It also explains the aurora and how scientists monitor solar activity. This reading supports comprehension and science understanding aligned with Earth and Space Science standards in the NGSS curriculum.
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Space weather refers to the changing conditions in space caused by activity from the Sun. Just like Earth has weather in the atmosphere, space has its own kind of weather that includes solar flares, solar wind, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These events send energy and charged particles through space, which can reach Earth.
Most of the time, Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere protect us from space weather. However, powerful solar storms can affect life and technology on our planet. When solar particles interact with Earth’s magnetic field, they can cause geomagnetic storms. These storms can disrupt satellite signals, interfere with radio communication, and even knock out power grids on Earth.
One of the most beautiful effects of space weather is the aurora—the Northern and Southern Lights. When solar particles hit gases in Earth’s atmosphere, they create glowing lights in the sky near the poles.
Scientists use satellites and telescopes to study the Sun and predict space weather. This helps protect astronauts, space missions, and Earth’s communication systems. As our technology becomes more dependent on satellites, understanding space weather is more important than ever.
Fun Fact: A strong solar storm in 1989 caused a blackout in Quebec, Canada, leaving millions of people without electricity for hours!
What is space weather mainly caused by?
Earth's atmosphereLightning stormsActivity from the SunGravity from the Moon
What protects Earth from most space weather effects?
Oceans and windEarth’s magnetic field and atmosphereVolcanoesEarth’s rotation
What can powerful space weather events disrupt?
Mountain formationAnimal migrationPower grids and satellitesOcean currents
What is a coronal mass ejection (CME)?
A type of storm on EarthA strong wind from the MoonA burst of solar particles from the SunA black hole explosion
What natural light display is caused by space weather?
RainbowsAurorasMeteorsThunderstorms
What do scientists use to study space weather?
Bicycles and binocularsTelescopes and satellitesSubmarines and shipsMaps and magnets
What is the main idea of the passage?
Space is calm and quietSpace weather only affects astronautsSpace weather comes from the Sun and can affect EarthEarth’s weather is the same as space weather
Why is understanding space weather becoming more important?
We travel by sea moreWe build more volcanoesWe rely more on satellite technologyWe don't need electricity
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