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Why Is Sun the Brightest Star in the Sky — Reading Comprehension

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This 400-word reading passage is designed for Grade 5 students and aligns with NGSS standard 5-ESS1-1. The passage explains the fundamental concept that the sun appears as the brightest star in our sky not because it is the biggest or most powerful star, but because it is the closest star to Earth. Students explore how distance affects apparent brightness and learn that many stars are actually larger and more luminous than our sun but appear dim because they are much farther away. The passage uses age-appropriate language and relatable examples to help students understand this core astronomical concept. Audio-integrated features support diverse learners. The passage includes key vocabulary terms such as star, brightness, distance, and light year, all defined in context. Accompanying activities include multiple-choice questions testing recall and comprehension, writing prompts requiring explanation and application, and graphic organizers that help students compare star characteristics and understand the relationship between distance and brightness.

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The sun is the brightest object we see in the sky during the day. Pulses from the Sun / NASA

The sun is the brightest object we see in the sky during the day. It is a star, which is a giant ball of hot, glowing gas that makes its own light. But the sun is not the biggest or most powerful star in the universe. It looks so bright because it is the closest star to Earth. Understanding how distance affects brightness helps us learn about all the stars we see at night.

When you look at the night sky, you see thousands of stars. Some look bright, and others look dim. You might think the bright ones are bigger or more powerful, but that is not always true. A star's brightness, or how bright it appears from Earth, depends mostly on how far away it is. Brightness is the amount of light that reaches our eyes from an object. The sun is about 93 million miles away from Earth. That sounds like a long distance, but it is very close compared to other stars.

The next closest star to Earth is called Proxima Centauri. It is more than 25 trillion miles away. Even though some stars are much larger and give off more light than the sun, they look like tiny, dim points because they are so far away. Think of it like this: a flashlight held close to your face looks very bright, but the same flashlight a football field away looks much dimmer. The flashlight has not changed, but the distance makes it appear less bright. Distance is how far apart two objects are from each other.

Scientists measure distances to stars using a unit called a light year. A light year is the distance light travels in one year, which is about 6 trillion miles. The sun's light takes only about 8 minutes to reach Earth. Light from the next closest star takes more than 4 years to reach us. Light from other stars can take hundreds or even thousands of years to reach Earth. This shows just how incredibly far away most stars are compared to our sun.

Many stars in the night sky are actually much bigger and brighter than the sun. Some stars are called supergiants because they are hundreds of times larger. If we could move these stars as close to Earth as the sun is, they would look enormously bright—so bright they could be dangerous. But because they are millions or billions of miles farther away, they look like small, twinkling dots. The sun looks brightest simply because it is our closest neighbor in space.

Interesting Fact: If you could travel at the speed of light, it would take you just 8 minutes to reach the sun from Earth, but over 4 years to reach the next closest star!

Why does the sun look brightest?

It is the closest starIt is the biggest starIt is the hottest starIt is the oldest star

How far is the sun from Earth?

25 trillion miles away93 million miles away6 trillion miles away4 light years away

What is a light year?

One year on EarthTime for sun to rotateDistance light travels yearlyHow long stars live

Why do far stars look dim?

They make less lightThey are very smallDistance makes them appear dimThey are covered by clouds

What determines how bright stars appear?

Their color and temperatureTheir age and sizeTheir distance from EarthTheir number of planets

If supergiants were close, what would happen?

They would look very brightThey would disappear completelyThey would become smallerThey would turn into planets

All stars make their own light.

TrueFalse

What does brightness mean in the passage?

How hot something isLight reaching our eyesSize of a starAge of a star

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• Reading curriculum support
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Why Is Sun the Brightest Star in the Sky — Reading Comprehension

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