Broken Treaties and Forced Removal — Reading Comprehension

Broken treaties and forced removal changed the lives of many Native American nations in the 1800s. The U.S. government made many treaties with Native groups. These agreements promised land and peace. But often, the government did not keep its word.

In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act. The law said Native Americans had to leave their homes in the East. They were sent to new land far away, west of the Mississippi River. The Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole were some of the nations affected.

Many Native people tried to stay. The Cherokee went to court to defend their rights. The Supreme Court agreed with them. Chief Justice John Marshall said, "The Cherokee nation... is a distinct community." But President Jackson and others did not listen. Soldiers forced the Cherokee and others to leave.

The journey to the new land was long and hard. Families walked for miles, facing cold, hunger, and sickness. This journey became known as the Trail of Tears. Thousands died along the way, but the Native nations showed great bravery and unity.

After reaching their new homes, Native Americans worked together to build new communities. They kept their traditions and tried to protect their way of life. Their story shows endurance and hope, even in hard times.

Interesting Fact: Some Cherokee hid in the mountains and were never removed. Their descendants still live there today.

Who signed the Indian Removal Act?

What year was the Indian Removal Act signed?

What is the Trail of Tears?

Why did Native Americans go to court?

What did the treaties promise?

What happened after the Supreme Court decision?

The Trail of Tears was a happy event.

What does 'endurance' mean?