California Turns into a Military Power — Reading Comprehension

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Grades

Standards

D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.5.3
RI.5.4
W.5.2

About This Reader

This passage explores how California transformed into a major military power during World War II, building on its struggles during the Great Depression. Students will learn how the state became a center for shipbuilding, airplane production, and military training, and how this boom changed communities and the nation. The reading passage highlights key events, important vocabulary, and features a glossary and timeline, all in clear, grade-appropriate language. Activities include multiple-choice questions, writing prompts, and graphic organizers to reinforce historical thinking. Spanish translation and read aloud audio are provided for accessibility. This educational resource aligns with D2.His.2.3-5, D2.His.3.3-5, RI.5.3, RI.5.4, W.5.2 standards, supporting literacy and historical analysis skills.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"American World War II senior military officials, 1945" by Army; part of the collection of the Office of War Information.
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

During World War II, California became one of the most important places for the United States military. Before the war, many people in California struggled to find jobs during the Great Depression. Families had little money, and businesses closed. But when World War II started in 1939, everything began to change for California.

The United States needed ships, planes, and supplies to win the war. Many factories in California started making war products. Shipyards in cities like Los Angeles and Richmond built huge ships called Liberty ships. These ships carried soldiers and supplies across the ocean. The airfields in places such as San Diego built thousands of military airplanes.

Thousands of workers came to California from other states. They wanted jobs in the new factories. Some moved from far away, hoping to help the country. Many women also started working in these factories for the first time. They built planes and ships, showing great bravery and skill. People called them "Rosie the Riveter." One woman said, "We can do it!" as she helped build airplanes.

The government built new military bases in California. Soldiers trained on the beaches and in the deserts. The army and navy needed places to practice before going overseas. California's long coast was perfect for this. The state became a center for training and shipping troops. The busy ports and railroads sent supplies all over the world.

California's cities grew fast. New houses, roads, and schools were built. People from different backgrounds worked together for the war effort. Their teamwork helped the United States win the war. When the war ended in 1945, California was stronger and richer. It became a leader in industry and defense.

Unity and hard work changed California. The state’s new role in the military helped shape its future. Today, many people remember how California helped the country during World War II.

Interesting Fact: The city of Richmond built more Liberty ships than any other city in the United States during World War II.

What did California build during WWII?

Ships and airplanesTrains and carsBridges and tunnelsSchools and parks

Who worked in California factories?

Men and womenOnly menOnly childrenOnly soldiers

Which city built the most Liberty ships?

RichmondSan DiegoLos AngelesSacramento

Why did people move to California?

To find jobs in factoriesTo become farmersTo visit beachesTo join the navy

How did women help during WWII?

Built planes and shipsFought as soldiersDrove trainsRan schools

What was the effect of the war on California?