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Clara Barton: Civil War Nurse and Founder — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This comprehensive U.S. history reading passage explores the life and legacy of Clara Barton, a pivotal figure during the Civil War and the founder of the American Red Cross. Students will analyze Barton's motivations, the challenges she faced, and the impact of her actions from multiple perspectives. The text integrates primary sources and disciplinary vocabulary to encourage critical thinking and historical reasoning. Activities include a reading comprehension quiz, writing prompts, a timeline, and a T-Chart graphic organizer. The passage and activities are aligned to C3 Framework and Common Core standards. A Spanish translation and read aloud audio are also provided, making this resource accessible and engaging for diverse learners. Key topics include humanitarianism, gender roles, and the complexities of wartime service.

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Clara Barton, 1821-1912.
Source: Library of Congress

The American Civil War was a time of great conflict and human suffering. During this period, Clara Barton became known as the "Angel of the Battlefield" for her extraordinary efforts to help wounded soldiers. As a dedicated nurse and humanitarian, Barton faced the challenge of chaotic and poorly supplied battlefields. Medical care was often disorganized, and there was a severe shortage of supplies, creating a significant obstacle for those trying to help the injured.

Recognizing the urgent need for organization and resources, Barton took the initiative to collect bandages, medicine, and food. She persuaded both government officials and ordinary citizens to donate supplies. Unlike many women who worked in hospitals far from the front lines, Barton bravely delivered these materials directly to the battlefields. She put herself in danger to ensure that soldiers received immediate care, often working under fire. Her willingness to take risks set her apart and reflected her deep commitment to service and compassion.

Barton's efforts did not end with providing supplies. She personally treated wounded soldiers, offering comfort, cleaning wounds, and assisting with surgeries. This direct care was vital, as many soldiers might have otherwise died from lack of attention or infection. Barton's work highlighted the importance of proper medical care and inspired others to improve conditions for injured soldiers. Through her actions, Barton contributed to the professionalization of nursing and set new standards for battlefield care.

However, Barton also faced criticism and obstacles. Some military leaders doubted her abilities because she was a woman. There were conflicts about who should control the distribution of supplies, and Barton often had to advocate for herself and her mission. Despite these barriers, she remained determined. Her success was built on resilience and the ability to overcome opposition.

After the Civil War, Barton continued her humanitarian work. She helped locate missing soldiers and marked graves, providing comfort to many families. Barton's experiences during the war inspired her to create a permanent organization that could respond quickly to emergencies. In 1881, she became the founder of the American Red Cross. This organization continues to provide disaster relief and emergency assistance in the United States and around the world.

Barton's legacy is complex. She demonstrated how individual actions can address social problems and bring about institutional change. Her work helped redefine the role of women in society, showing that courage and determination can break barriers. While Barton is celebrated for her heroism, her story also reminds us that making lasting change often involves facing resistance and taking risks.

Interesting Fact: During her service, Clara Barton kept detailed records of missing soldiers, helping more than 22,000 families find out what happened to their loved ones after the war.

What nickname did Clara Barton earn?

Angel of the BattlefieldMother of NursingLady of LibertyQueen of Medicine

What organization did Barton found?

American Red CrossSalvation ArmyGirl ScoutsUnited Way

When was the American Red Cross founded?

1881186519011845

Why did Barton go to battlefields?

Supply soldiers directlyLead the armyWrite reportsTrain doctors

How did Barton face opposition?

Advocated for her missionLeft the warBecame a soldierIgnored the wounded

What was a result of Barton's work?

Nursing became respectedWar ended earlySupplies ran outNew hospitals closed