Different Tribes, Different Ways of Life — Reading Comprehension

Many Native American tribes lived in California before Europeans arrived. These tribes built their lives around the land. The land in California is different in many places. Some tribes lived by the coast. Others lived in the mountains, deserts, or forests.

Each tribe learned to use the resources around them. The Chumash lived near the ocean. They became skilled at fishing and built strong boats called tomols. They used shells and bones as tools. The Pomo tribe lived near rivers and forests. They gathered acorns and berries. They were known for weaving beautiful baskets that could hold water.

Tribes in the desert, like the Cahuilla, learned to find water and used plants such as cactus for food. They built homes from sticks and reeds to stay cool in the heat. Tribes in the mountains, like the Miwok, hunted deer and made homes from bark.

Native Californians shared many skills. They knew how to make fire and tools from stone. They used natural colors from plants to decorate baskets and clothing. Many tribes traded with each other. They exchanged shells, food, and baskets.

Each tribe had its own language and traditions. Some tribes held large gatherings called ceremonies. They danced, sang, and told stories. These stories helped children learn about their tribe’s history and beliefs.

Leaders helped guide each tribe. Sometimes, leaders worked together to solve problems. They made rules to keep peace in the village. Many tribes believed the land was sacred. They respected animals, plants, and rivers. One Miwok elder said, "We are part of the land, and the land is part of us."

Daily life was busy. Children learned by watching adults. They helped gather food, make tools, and take care of younger children. Everyone worked together. This teamwork helped the tribe survive and stay strong.

When Europeans arrived, Native Californians' lives changed. But their traditions and knowledge are still important today. Many Native people in California work to keep their culture alive.

Interesting Fact: The Chumash used redwood logs to build their boats, called tomols, which could travel far across the ocean.

Where did the Chumash tribe live?

What did the Pomo tribe use to make baskets?

What did many tribes use to decorate baskets?

Why did tribes build homes from sticks and reeds?

How did tribes help each other?

What is one result of teamwork in the tribe?

Native Californians respected the land.

What does "sacred" mean?