Resistance and Survival in the Missions — Reading Comprehension

Premium Resource

Grades

Standards

D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

About This Reader

This engaging U.S. history reading passage explores the experiences of Native peoples during the Mission Period and Rancho Era in California. Students will learn how Native Americans showed bravery, unity, and problem-solving to resist and survive under Spanish, then Mexican rule. The passage uses simple language and a clear sequence of events to highlight key people, places, and events, fostering foundational understanding of Westward Expansion. Vocabulary is bolded and explained in the glossary. Activities include a multiple-choice quiz, writing prompts, a timeline, and a graphic organizer to deepen understanding. The resource aligns with C3 Framework and Common Core standards for history and literacy. It includes a read aloud audio and a full Spanish translation, making it accessible for diverse learners. This passage is ideal for building literacy and historical knowledge in elementary students.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"San Juan Capistrano Mission, No. 2" by L. Prang & Co. / Library of Congress.

The Mission Period in California began in 1769, when Spanish explorers built the first mission. These missions were places where Spanish priests wanted to teach Native Americans about their religion and way of life. Many Native people lived and worked on these missions, but life there was not always easy. The Spanish had rules that changed how the Native people lived, worked, and even what they believed.

At first, some Native Americans joined the missions because they wanted to learn new skills or get food and shelter. But soon, many realized they were not free. The Spanish leaders made strict rules and made the Native people work hard every day. They had to build buildings, grow crops, and take care of animals. The Native people could not leave the missions without permission. Sometimes, families were separated.

Some Native Americans tried to keep their own traditions alive in secret. They sang songs, danced, and told stories from their people, even when they were not allowed. Others found ways to resist. Some ran away from the missions. Others spoke out or refused to follow all the new rules. A Native leader named Toypurina once said, "I want to drive the priests away so that I can live as I wish." Her bravery showed others they could stand up for their rights.

When Mexico took control from Spain in 1821, the missions changed again. Some Native people hoped life would get better. But many still had to work for the new ranchos and did not get their freedom. Still, Native families tried to survive. They shared their stories, helped each other, and kept their languages alive.

Over time, some Native groups rebuilt their communities. They found ways to blend old and new customs. Their resistance and survival helped keep their cultures alive, even after many hard years. Their courage and unity are remembered today as part of California’s history.

Interesting Fact: The oldest mission in California is Mission San Diego de Alcalá, built in 1769. It is still standing today.

When did the first mission start?

1769182114921865

Who built the first missions?

Spanish explorersNative AmericansMexican ranchersEnglish settlers

Who was Toypurina?

A Native leaderA Spanish priestA Mexican ranch ownerA mission builder

Why did some Natives join missions?

To learn new skillsTo escape freedomTo be Spanish leadersTo build ships

How did Natives resist at missions?

Kept traditions in secretBuilt more missionsJoined priestsLeft for Mexico

What happened in 1821?