Sacagawea — Reading Comprehension

The Lewis and Clark Expedition was a major event in early U.S. history, aiming to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory. President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to map the land, document plants and animals, and find a water route to the Pacific Ocean. However, the journey faced many challenges, including harsh landscapes, unfamiliar languages, and the need to build trust with Native American nations.

One of the most important members of the expedition was Sacagawea, a Lemhi Shoshone woman. She joined the Corps of Discovery in 1804 while living with the Hidatsa people. Sacagawea brought unique skills as an interpreter and guide, helping the group communicate with different Native American groups and travel through difficult geography.

Sacagawea’s knowledge of the land proved critical for navigation. She recognized important landmarks, advised the expedition about river crossings, and helped the group avoid dangerous areas. Her ability to identify edible plants and gather food also supported the health of the team, especially during times of scarcity. In addition, Sacagawea’s presence, along with her infant son, signaled to Native nations that the group was not a war party but peaceful travelers.

Communication was a significant obstacle for the expedition. Many Native nations spoke different languages, and misunderstandings could lead to conflict. Sacagawea acted as an interpreter, translating between Shoshone, Hidatsa, and sometimes French, which was spoken by her husband, Toussaint Charbonneau. This skill allowed Lewis and Clark to obtain horses from the Shoshone, essential for crossing the Rocky Mountains, and to trade for supplies.

The expedition’s success depended on teamwork, adaptability, and local knowledge. Sacagawea’s contributions were not limited to language and guidance. She demonstrated resilience and resourcefulness, rescuing important documents and supplies when a boat overturned. Her leadership helped the group persevere through extreme weather and uncertain conditions, allowing them to reach the Pacific Ocean and return safely.

Despite her vital role, Sacagawea’s story is often told from the perspective of the expedition’s leaders. Historians now recognize that her actions reflect the complexities of Native American involvement in U.S. expansion. Some scholars emphasize her agency and the ways in which she navigated both cultural traditions and the demands of the expedition. Her legacy invites us to consider how diverse voices contributed to shaping American history.

Interesting Fact: Sacagawea’s image has appeared on U.S. coins, honoring her role in American history and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Who was Sacagawea?

What did Sacagawea help the expedition do?

When did Sacagawea join the expedition?

Why was Sacagawea’s son important?

How did Sacagawea help with navigation?

What did Sacagawea rescue from a boat?

Sacagawea was president of the United States.

What is an interpreter?