What Causes the Sea Level to Rise? — Reading Comprehension
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This NGSS-aligned middle school passage explains the major causes of sea level rise, including melting glaciers and thermal expansion of warming oceans. Students will learn how climate change is increasing ocean levels and how human activity, such as damaging coastal ecosystems, can make the problem worse. The passage also introduces key vocabulary like permafrost, storm surge, and ice sheets. It supports Earth and Human Activity standards while helping students connect scientific causes to real-world impacts in coastal cities. Ideal for building climate literacy and critical thinking in science classes.
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Sea level rise is one of the biggest problems linked to climate change. It means that the average height of the ocean is increasing over time. But what is actually causing the sea level to go up?
There are two major reasons: melting ice and warming water. First, as the Earth gets warmer, glaciers and ice sheets in places like Greenland and Antarctica begin to melt. These huge chunks of ice are made of frozen freshwater. When they melt, they add more water to the ocean, making the sea level rise.
The second cause is thermal expansion. This means that as water heats up, it takes up more space. When ocean water warms, it expands—just like air in a balloon. Even if no extra water is added, warmer water alone can raise the sea level.
Other factors can also add to rising seas. These include melting ice caps, the loss of frozen ground called permafrost, and changes in how water moves through rivers and groundwater. Human actions like cutting down coastal forests and draining wetlands can make the problem worse because they remove natural barriers that help absorb or slow down water.
Sea level rise affects millions of people living in coastal areas. It can lead to stronger storm surges, more flooding, and the loss of land. Understanding the causes of sea level rise helps us find ways to protect communities and reduce the risks in the future.
Fun Fact: Just 1 inch of sea level rise can make high tides and storms much more dangerous for low-lying cities like Miami and New Orleans!
What are the two main causes of sea level rise?
Ocean salt and moonlightRainstorms and wavesMelting ice and warming waterEarthquakes and volcanoes
What happens during thermal expansion?
Ice turns into waterWater turns into iceWarm water takes up more spaceCold air shrinks
What adds more water to the oceans?
Frozen lakesMelting glaciers and ice sheetsSunlight on sandOcean winds
What is permafrost?
A type of treeFrozen soil that is meltingA coastal cityA rainstorm
Why do human actions make sea level rise worse?
They add more cloudsThey reduce natural water barriersThey clean riversThey freeze water
What areas are most at risk from sea level rise?
Mountain topsDesertsCoastal citiesForests
What is the main idea of the passage?
The oceans are getting colderSea level rise is caused by warming and meltingStorms are the only problemWater is disappearing
If the ocean continues to warm, what will likely happen?
Sea level will go downGlaciers will growSea level will rise moreIce will freeze faster
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