Why Spain Wanted to Explore California — Reading Comprehension

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Grades

Standards

D2.HIS.1.3-5
D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

About This Reader

This engaging U.S. history reading passage explores the reasons why Spain wanted to explore and settle California. Students will learn about Spanish explorers, the search for new lands and riches, and the establishment of missions along the California coast. The passage uses grade-appropriate language and a cause-and-effect structure to build understanding of European colonization in America. Key vocabulary words are highlighted and defined in the glossary. Activities include a multiple-choice quiz, writing prompts, and a timeline of major events. A Spanish translation and read aloud audio support diverse learners. This resource aligns with C3 Framework and Common Core ELA standards, making it perfect for building history knowledge while strengthening literacy skills. Use this passage to spark discussions about exploration, cultural encounters, and the lasting impact of colonization on California and the United States.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Mission San Diego de Alcala, Misson Valley Road, San Diego, San Diego County, CA.
Source: Library of Congress - Historic American Buildings Survey

Spain began exploring California in the 1500s. Spanish leaders wanted to find new lands, spread their beliefs, and gain wealth. They believed California might have gold, silver, and other riches. Spanish explorers also wanted to claim land before other countries, like England or Russia, took it first.

In 1542, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo sailed north along the coast of California. He was looking for a route to Asia and hoping to find valuable resources. Although Cabrillo did not find gold, he made maps and met Native people living along the coast.

Many years later, Spain sent more explorers to California. In 1769, Gaspar de Portolá led a group north from Mexico. This journey is called the Portolá Expedition. The group included soldiers, priests, and Native helpers. They traveled by land, facing hard trails, wild animals, and little food. Along the way, they built missions and forts to protect their land. Father Junípero Serra, a Spanish priest, helped start the first mission in San Diego. He said, “Siempre adelante, nunca atrás,” which means, "Always forward, never back."

The missions were important for Spain. They wanted to teach the Native Californians about Spanish ways and the Catholic faith. They also hoped to make friends and show that Spain controlled the land. The missions grew crops, raised animals, and became centers of trade. Spanish soldiers built forts, called presidios, to guard the missions and settlers.

Spain’s leaders believed California would help them grow stronger. By building missions and forts, Spain showed other countries they owned the land. They hoped California’s land and people would help their empire grow. Over time, many Spanish settlers came to live and work in California.

Interesting Fact: The first California mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá, is still standing today and is open for visitors!

Who led the 1769 expedition?

Gaspar de PortoláJuan Rodriguez CabrilloJunípero SerraChristopher Columbus

What did Spanish leaders hope to find?

Gold and silverPotatoesFishDiamonds

What was the first California mission called?

Mission San Diego de AlcaláMission San Juan CapistranoMission Santa ClaraMission San Francisco

Why did Spain build missions?

To teach and claim landTo find fishTo build shipsTo make maps

How did Spain show other countries they owned California?

By building missions and fortsBy fishingBy hidingBy trading with England

What did the Portolá Expedition face?