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California Labor Reform — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.5.3-5
D2.HIS.16.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This engaging reading passage introduces students to the important changes and reforms of the Progressive Era in U.S. history, focusing on the fight for fair work and safer jobs between 1879 and 1920. Students will learn about key figures like Lewis Hine and Mary Harris Jones, the role of labor unions, and the impact of new laws to protect workers and children. Using simple language and a clear narrative, the passage builds literacy skills while teaching history. The resource includes a glossary, timeline, multiple choice quiz, writing activities, and a graphic organizer to deepen understanding. Spanish translation and read aloud audio are included for accessibility. This lesson aligns with C3 Framework D2.His.5.3-5, D2.His.16.3-5, and ELA standards RI.4.3, RI.4.4, W.4.2, making it perfect for classroom or independent learning.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"Child laborer" by Lewis W. Hine for the National Child Labor Committee.
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

California labor reform began in the early 1900s, during a time called the Progressive Era. Many workers in California, including men, women, and children, worked long hours in unsafe factories, farms, and mines. Jobs were often dangerous, and there were few rules to keep people safe. Children as young as eight or nine worked instead of going to school. This was unfair and unsafe for everyone.

Workers started to speak out for better treatment. They formed unions to join together and ask for changes. Unions gave workers a strong voice. They held meetings, marches, and strikes to show how important their needs were. Famous leaders like Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez helped farm workers organize for fair pay and safe workplaces. In factories, labor groups demanded shorter workdays and better conditions.

The government began to listen. In 1911, California passed new labor laws. These laws limited the number of hours children and adults could work. They made it illegal for very young children to work in dangerous places. The state also created rules for workplace safety. Owners had to provide clean, safe spaces, and workers had the right to rest breaks. In 1913, the California Industrial Welfare Commission was formed to protect workers’ rights even more.

These reforms made a big difference. Children were able to go to school instead of working all day. Adults worked fewer hours, so they had more time for their families. Workplaces became safer, and fewer people got hurt on the job. Over time, these ideas spread across the United States. Labor reform helped shape the kind of rights and protections we expect at work today.

California labor reform shows how people working together can change unfair systems. The bravery of workers and leaders during the Progressive Era helped build a better future for everyone.

Interesting Fact: California’s early child labor laws inspired other states to create similar protections for young workers.

When did California labor reform begin?

Early 1900s1800s1960s2000s

Who helped farm workers organize?

Dolores HuertaAbraham LincolnMartin Luther King Jr.George Washington

What did labor laws limit?

Work hoursFood pricesSchool timeVoting age

Why did workers form unions?

To get better treatmentTo open new schoolsTo build more factoriesTo make new laws

What was the result of labor reforms?

Safer workplacesLonger work hoursMore child laborFewer unions

What is a strike?