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How Food Helps Animals Move — Reading Comprehension

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5-LS1-1
5-PS3-1

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This 5th grade science reading passage explores how food helps animals move, directly aligned to NGSS standards 5-LS1-1 and 5-PS3-1. Students discover how muscles use energy from food to power every type of movement, from running and swimming to breathing and heartbeat. The passage uses relatable analogies, such as comparing food energy to fuel in a car, to help students understand this fundamental biological concept. Through clear explanations and real-world examples, learners explore why more active animals need more food energy. The resource includes audio-integrated reading support, a simplified differentiated version for diverse learners, Spanish translations, vocabulary glossary, comprehension quizzes, writing activities, and graphic organizers. Perfect for introducing energy transfer and motion concepts in life science units.

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All animals need to move to survive. They move to find food, escape danger, and search for shelter. But how do animals get the power to move? The answer is energy — the ability to do work or cause change. Animals get energy from the food they eat, and this energy powers every single movement they make.

When an animal eats food, its body breaks down the food during a process called digestion. Digestion is when the body breaks food into tiny pieces that can be used by cells. The energy stored in food is then released and sent to all parts of the body through the blood. This energy travels to muscles — the body parts that make movement possible. Muscles are like stretchy rubber bands attached to bones. When muscles tighten and relax, they pull on bones and create movement.

Think of it this way: a car needs gasoline to move. The engine burns the gasoline and turns it into energy that makes the wheels turn. Animals work in a similar way. Food is like gasoline for an animal's body. The body uses the energy from food to make muscles work, which creates motion — any change in position or place.

Different animals move in different ways, and each type of movement requires energy. A cheetah running at full speed uses a lot of energy very quickly. A bird flying across the sky flaps its wings hundreds of times, and each flap needs energy from food. Even a snake slithering slowly across the ground is using energy stored in its muscles. Animals that move more need to eat more food to replace the energy they use.

Movement isn't just about running or flying. Even when an animal is resting, its body is still moving on the inside. The heart is a muscle that pumps blood all day and all night. The lungs move to bring in air. The stomach muscles push food through the digestive system. All of these movements need energy from food. Without food, an animal's muscles would not have the energy to work, and the animal could not survive.

The amount of food an animal needs depends on how much it moves. A hummingbird beats its wings up to 80 times per second, so it must eat almost constantly. An animal like a sloth moves very slowly and sleeps most of the day, so it needs much less food. The more an animal moves, the more fuel — or food energy — it needs to keep going.

Interesting Fact: A tiny shrew must eat almost its entire body weight in food every single day because its heart beats over 1,000 times per minute, using huge amounts of energy just to stay alive!

What do animals get from food?

Energy to power movementWater for drinkingBones for their bodyAir for breathing

What is digestion?

When animals sleep at nightBreaking food into tiny piecesWhen muscles pull on bonesHow animals find shelter

What body parts create movement?

EyesEarsMusclesTeeth

Why does a hummingbird need more food?

It is very largeIt beats wings very fastIt sleeps all dayIt moves very slowly

How is food like gasoline?

Both smell the sameBoth are the same colorBoth provide energy for movementBoth come from plants

What happens when muscles tighten?

They pull bones and create movementThey make food for the bodyThey pump blood through the bodyThey help animals breathe air

The heart needs energy even when resting.

TrueFalse

What does motion mean?

Eating food for energyChange in position or placeSleeping during the dayFinding food to eat

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• Reading curriculum support
• Independent reading practice
• Progress monitoring

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How Food Helps Animals Move — Reading Comprehension

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