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Why Some Animals Need More Energy — Reading Comprehension

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5-LS1-1
5-PS3-1

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This 400-word reading passage is designed for Grade 5 students and aligns with NGSS standards 5-LS1-1 and 5-PS3-1. Students explore how animals regulate body temperature and why this affects their energy needs. The passage compares warm-blooded animals like birds and mammals that must constantly use food energy to maintain body temperature with cold-blooded animals like reptiles and fish that rely on their surroundings for warmth. Through real-world examples and simple explanations, students build foundational understanding of energy transfer and use in living organisms. The passage includes audio integration for accessibility, bold key vocabulary terms with immediate definitions, and relatable analogies. Supporting activities include multiple-choice comprehension questions, writing prompts, and graphic organizers that help students compare energy use strategies and understand cause-and-effect relationships in biological systems.

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All animals need energy from food to survive, but some animals need much more food than others. The main reason for this difference is how animals keep their bodies at the right temperature.

Some animals, like birds and mammals, are warm-blooded, which means their bodies work constantly to keep their temperature the same no matter how hot or cold it is outside. A robin's body temperature stays around 104°F whether it's a summer day or a winter morning. To keep this steady temperature, the robin's body must break down food and release energy as heat. This process is called metabolism—the way living things convert food into energy. Think of it like a furnace in a house that must keep burning fuel to stay warm. Because warm-blooded animals use so much energy just to maintain their body temperature, they need to eat frequently. A small bird might eat half its body weight in food every single day.

Other animals, like snakes, lizards, and fish, are cold-blooded, which means their body temperature changes based on their surroundings. A lizard sitting in the sun becomes warm, and a lizard in the shade becomes cool. These animals don't use food energy to heat their bodies from the inside. Instead, they rely on external heat sources—warmth that comes from outside their bodies, like sunshine or warm rocks. Because cold-blooded animals don't spend energy keeping a constant temperature, they need much less food. A snake might eat only once every few weeks.

This difference in energy use affects how animals behave. Warm-blooded animals can stay active in cold weather because they generate their own heat, but they must search for food often. Cold-blooded animals save energy by not heating themselves, but they become slow and inactive when it's cold outside. They often need to warm up in the sun before they can move quickly.

Understanding how animals use energy helps scientists predict how much food different animals need and how they survive in different environments. It also explains why you see squirrels and birds active all winter, while snakes and turtles seem to disappear during cold months.

Interesting Fact: A hummingbird's metabolism is so fast that it must eat every 10-15 minutes during the day, consuming more than its own body weight in nectar daily just to survive!

What does metabolism mean?

How animals sleep during winterConverting food into energyThe temperature of the sunHow animals find their food

Why do warm-blooded animals eat frequently?

They enjoy eating more foodThey use energy to stay warmThey cannot digest food quicklyThey store food for winter

How often might a snake eat?

Every few hoursTwice every dayOnce every few weeksOnce every year

What happens when a lizard sits in shade?

Its body temperature becomes coolIt starts eating more foodIt becomes warm-bloodedIts metabolism speeds up

Why can warm-blooded animals stay active in winter?

They eat less during winterThey generate their own heatThey sit in the sunThey become cold-blooded

What do cold-blooded animals rely on for warmth?

Breaking down food inside their bodiesMoving around very quicklySunshine and warm rocksEating more food than usual

Cold-blooded animals need more food than warm-blooded animals.

TrueFalse

What is an external heat source?

Food energy inside the bodyWarmth from outside the bodyHeat from metabolismEnergy from sleeping

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Why Some Animals Need More Energy — Reading Comprehension

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