This Grade 4 physical science reading passage teaches students about the relationship between motion and energy, aligned with NGSS standard 4-PS3-1. Students discover that the faster a given object is moving, the more energy it possesses. Through relatable examples like rolling balls, thrown objects, and everyday collisions, students build foundational understanding of how speed affects energy. The passage uses simple, age-appropriate language to explain PS3.A: Energy and Motion. Students learn to observe energy by watching what happens when moving objects hit other objects. This audio-integrated passage includes Spanish translations, differentiated versions for varied reading levels, comprehension activities, writing prompts, and graphic organizers. Perfect for introducing kinetic energy concepts, the passage helps students connect speed to energy directly through concrete comparisons they can visualize and test. Teachers can use this resource to prepare students for hands-on investigations about motion and energy relationships in physical science.
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"Young baseball catcher in protective gear catching a ball during a game on a sunny day." by Logan Scafidi / Pexels.
Energy is the ability to make something move or change. When an object is moving, it has energy of motion. Understanding this connection helps us predict what will happen when moving objects hit other things.
The speed of an object makes a big difference in how much energy it has. A faster-moving object has more energy than a slower-moving object of the same size. Think about a soccer ball. When you kick it gently, it rolls slowly and has less energy. When you kick it hard, it moves fast and has more energy.
You can see the difference in energy by watching what happens when objects collide, or bump into something. A slow-rolling ball might gently tap a plastic cup and barely move it. But a fast-rolling ball will knock the cup over completely. The fast ball has more energy, so it causes a bigger change.
This is true for all moving objects. A bike moving slowly down a hill has less energy than the same bike speeding down the hill. A gentle toss of a beanbag has less energy than a hard throw. The faster something moves, the more energy it carries, and the bigger effect it has when it hits something else.
What is energy?
The ability to make things moveThe color of an objectThe size of an objectThe shape of an object
Which object has more energy?
A slow-rolling ballA fast-rolling ballA ball that is not movingAll balls have the same energy
What does collide mean?
To roll slowlyTo stop movingTo bump into somethingTo throw gently
Why does a fast ball knock over a cup?
It is bigger than the cupIt has more energy than a slow ballIt is heavier than the cupThe cup is too light
What happens when you kick a ball hard?
It moves slowly with less energyIt stops moving immediatelyIt moves fast with more energyIt stays in the same place
Which has more energy of motion?
A bike speeding down a hillA bike moving slowly down a hillA bike parked on flat groundA bike with no rider
A faster object always has more energy than a slower object of the same size.
TrueFalse
Energy of motion means:
Energy an object has when movingEnergy stored in foodEnergy from the sunEnergy that makes sound
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Topics
motion and energyspeed and energykinetic energymoving objectsNGSS 4-PS3-1physical science grade 4energy in motioncollision energy
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