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Japan Surrenders: World War II Ends — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This comprehensive history reading passage examines the pivotal moment when Japan surrendered in August 1945, bringing World War II to an end. Students will learn about the causes and effects of the surrender, the use of atomic bombs, and how the Allied victory reshaped the global order and launched the atomic age. The resource features a full-length passage, a simplified version for accessibility, and Spanish translations of both. Aligned with HSS 11.7.4 and CCSS.RI.6-8.1, RI.6-8.3, the passage and its activities help students analyze historical causation, vocabulary, and the consequences of major global events. Also included are interactive graphic organizers, a timeline, and engaging multiple-choice and writing activities. Read aloud audio is available to support diverse learners. This resource is ideal for classrooms looking to deepen understanding of World War II and its lasting impact.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Signing of the Japanese surrender document aboard the U.S.S. "Missouri" in Tokyo Bay, Sept. 2, 1945. Gen. Douglas MacArthur is shown broadcasting the ceremonies as Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu signed for the emperor Hirohito.
Source: Library of Congress - United States. Navy

On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied powers, bringing World War II to a close. This moment marked the end of six years of devastating global conflict. The decision to surrender did not happen suddenly; it was the result of a series of events, both military and diplomatic, that forced Japan to accept defeat. The world would never be the same after this victory for the Allies.

The road to Japan’s surrender began with mounting losses in the Pacific. By 1945, Allied forces had captured key islands and cut off Japan’s resources. The United States used a new and destructive weapon—the atomic bomb—on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in early August. These bombings, combined with the Soviet Union’s declaration of war on Japan, created overwhelming pressure. Facing destruction and isolation, Japanese leaders realized their only option was to seek an armistice, or agreement to stop fighting.

Japan’s surrender was formally signed on September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. Representatives from the United States, the Soviet Union, China, and other Allied nations attended the ceremony. The event was broadcast worldwide, symbolizing the official end of World War II. The surrender document made it clear that Japan had to accept the Allies’ terms and begin a difficult period of rebuilding.

The consequences of Japan’s surrender were far-reaching. The war’s end launched the postwar era, which brought both hope and challenges. The United States occupied Japan, introducing new political and economic reforms. Globally, the war’s outcome shifted the balance of power. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, leading to new tensions known as the Cold War. The use of atomic bombs also began the atomic age, changing how nations thought about war and peace.

The end of World War II required nations to reconsider their relationships and create new international organizations, such as the United Nations. These efforts aimed to prevent future conflicts and promote global cooperation. However, many countries faced difficult recovery processes, rebuilding cities and lives lost in the war. For Japan, the postwar period was marked by transformation, as it shifted from a militaristic government to a peaceful democracy.

The Allied victory in World War II and Japan’s surrender changed the world in lasting ways. The events of 1945 continue to influence international relations and remind us of the devastating costs of war, as well as the importance of peace.

Interesting Fact: The Japanese word for surrender, "mokusatsu," was misunderstood by the Allies when first used, leading to confusion and further tension before Japan’s official announcement.

When did Japan announce its surrender?

August 15, 1945September 1, 1939July 4, 1945December 7, 1941

What weapon was used on Hiroshima?

Atomic bombTorpedoTankGas

Where was Japan’s surrender signed?

USS MissouriTokyo TowerPearl HarborWhite House

Why did Japan surrender?

Facing destruction and isolationThey wanted more territoryVictory in EuropeNew emperor

What did the atomic bombings cause?

Pressure on JapanNew alliancesBetter tradePeace talks

What started after WWII?

Postwar eraIndustrial RevolutionCivil WarGreat Depression