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Tribal Governments in California — Reading Comprehension

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This reading passage explores the history and structure of tribal governments in California, focusing on their development, leadership, and importance in modern society. Students will learn how tribal councils work, why sovereignty matters, and how tribal governments have changed over time. The passage highlights themes of unity, problem-solving, and the importance of Native American voices in California’s government. Activities include a reading comprehension quiz, a writing assignment, and a graphic organizer, all designed to deepen understanding of tribal governments. The passage meets C3 Framework and Common Core standards, making it ideal for social studies classrooms. Students can also access a Spanish translation and read-aloud audio, supporting diverse learners and bilingual classrooms.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"Beginning of the White Deer Skin Dance - To the American Indian - p102" by N W Ericson / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

California is home to 109 federally recognized tribal governments. These tribal nations are unique because they are considered sovereign. Sovereignty means they have the power to rule themselves and make their own laws. The United States government recognizes their right to self-governance. This respect for tribal authority is a result of treaties and agreements made many years ago.

Each tribal government creates its own rules and leadership. Some tribes have a council, which is a group of elected leaders. Other tribes may have a single leader, called a chairperson or chief. Tribal councils meet to discuss issues important to their people, such as health, education, land, and cultural traditions. They make decisions that help keep their communities strong and safe.

Tribal governments also have their own courts. These courts handle disagreements and make sure tribal laws are followed. This is similar to how state and federal courts work, but tribal courts are special because they use the tribe’s own laws and customs. This helps protect each tribe’s traditions and way of life.

California’s tribal governments work with both the United States and California state governments. Sometimes they sign agreements called compacts. These compacts allow tribes to run businesses such as casinos and hotels on their land. The money earned from these businesses often helps fund schools, health clinics, and community programs for tribal members.

Tribal self-governance is important. It allows tribes to protect their lands and traditions and to make decisions for their people. By governing themselves, tribes keep their cultures alive and provide for their communities. This is a right that has been fought for and respected over many generations.

Tribal governments also teach young people about their history and language. This helps keep tribal cultures strong for the future. Many tribes celebrate their traditions with festivals, dances, and storytelling.

Tribal governments in California show how Native peoples are active leaders in their communities. Their hard work ensures that their nations remain strong, proud, and independent.

Interesting Fact: California tribal nations make up over one-fifth of all federally recognized tribes in the United States.

How many tribal governments are in California?

109502009

What does sovereignty mean?

Power to govern oneselfSharing landMaking moneyVoting only

What is a tribal council?

Group of leadersPolice groupDance groupSchool class

Why do tribes have courts?

Make sure tribal laws are followedTeach historyGrow foodSing songs

How do compacts help tribes?

Allow them to run businessesGive them new landStart schoolsWrite stories

What is one way tribes protect their culture?