How Do Cell Phones Send Messages — Reading Comprehension
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Grades
3
4
5
Standards
NGSS 4-PS4-3
PRINT+DIGITAL RESOURCE
This learning resource is available in interactive and printable formats. The interactive worksheet can be played online and assigned to students. The Printable PDF version can be downloaded and printed for completion by hand.
This engaging 250-word reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the fascinating process of how cell phones send messages. Aligned with NGSS 4-PS4-3 and the Disciplinary Core Idea PS4.C, the passage explains that digitized signals sent as wave pulses can be used to encode and transmit information. Students discover how cell phones convert voice or text into digital signals, which are then transmitted as radio waves to nearby cell towers. The passage describes the journey of these signals through a network of towers and cables until they reach the recipient's phone, where they are converted back into sound or text. Written at an appropriate reading level for Grade 4, this audio-integrated passage uses simple language and real-world examples to help students understand that their messages travel as waves carrying encoded information. The content builds foundational understanding of digital communication technology, preparing students for hands-on activities and investigations. Supplementary materials include a simplified differentiated version, Spanish translations, glossary, multiple-choice quiz, writing activities, and graphic organizers. This comprehensive resource supports diverse learners while maintaining alignment with NGSS physical science standards for elementary students studying waves and information transfer.
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Person typing emoji in a text message on a smartphone. Image credit RDNE Stock project / Pexels.
When you send a text or make a call on a cell phone, your message travels through the air to reach another person. Cell phones use digital signals, which are messages changed into a special code made of numbers, to send information. This system allows people to communicate quickly over long distances.
Here's how it works: When you speak into your phone or type a text, the phone converts your voice or words into digital signals. These signals are like a secret number code that represents your message. The phone then changes these digital signals into radio waves, which are invisible waves of energy that can travel through the air. Think of radio waves like ripples spreading across a pond, except they move through the air instead of water.
The radio waves carry your encoded message to the nearest cell tower, which is a tall structure with antennas that receives and sends signals. The cell tower picks up your signal and sends it through a network, which is a connected system of towers and cables, until it reaches the cell tower closest to the person you're contacting.
That tower then sends radio waves to the recipient's phone. Their phone converts the radio waves back into digital signals, and then into sound or text they can understand. This entire process happens almost instantly, letting you communicate with people far away in just seconds.
What do cell phones use to send messages?
Digital signalsPaper lettersSound waves onlyLight beams
What are radio waves?
Visible light we can seeInvisible waves carrying energyWater ripples in airElectrical wires