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Are Whales Fish? — Reading Comprehension

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This reading passage, "Are Whales Fish?", explores the biological differences between whales and fish, a common misconception for middle school students. The passage explains key concepts like endothermy, gills vs. lungs, and live birth vs. egg-laying, aligning with NGSS standards related to classification and adaptation (MS-LS2-1, MS-LS4-2). It introduces the concept of convergent evolution to explain why unrelated species can have similar physical features. Designed for a Grade 6-8 audience, this content includes a reading passage, multiple-choice questions for comprehension, and an answer key. The goal is to provide a solid foundation for understanding animal classification and adaptation to different environments, making it a valuable resource for science teachers and students.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Whales and fish both live in the ocean, but they are fundamentally different kinds of animals. The most important difference is that whales are mammals, while fish are fish. This classification is not just a matter of names; it reflects major biological differences in how they live, breathe, reproduce, and stay warm. Understanding these differences helps us appreciate the incredible diversity of life in our oceans.

Mammals are a class of vertebrates characterized by specific traits. Whales, like all mammals, breathe air using lungs, not gills. They must regularly surface to take a breath. Female whales give birth to live young, which are then nourished with milk produced by the mother. This is a key characteristic of all mammals. Additionally, whales are endothermic, or warm-blooded, meaning they can internally regulate their body temperature to stay warm in the cold ocean water. Their thick layer of blubber acts as insulation to help them maintain a constant body temperature.

In contrast, fish breathe underwater using gills, which extract dissolved oxygen from the water. They lay eggs, and their young develop outside the mother's body. Most fish are ectothermic, or cold-blooded, which means their body temperature is regulated by the temperature of their surrounding environment. For example, a fish in a warm tropical reef will have a warmer body temperature than a fish in the icy waters of the Arctic Ocean. The physical similarities between whales and fish, such as fins and a streamlined body shape, are a result of convergent evolution, where unrelated species evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environments.

To summarize, whales are air-breathing, live-bearing, warm-blooded mammals that have adapted to a marine environment. Fish are gill-breathing, egg-laying, cold-blooded vertebrates. While they share the same habitat and some superficial body features, their biological systems and life cycles place them in entirely different animal classes.

Fun Fact: The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth, and its tongue alone can weigh as much as an elephant.

According to the passage, what is the most significant difference between whales and fish?

Their dietTheir habitatTheir classificationTheir size

How do whales breathe?

Using gillsThrough their skinUsing lungsBy absorbing oxygen from water

Which of the following is a characteristic of mammals, as described in the passage?

Laying eggsBeing cold-bloodedBreathing with gillsProducing milk for young

The passage states that whales are "endothermic." What does this mean?

They live in warm water.They can regulate their body temperature.They breathe air.They give birth to live young.

What is the function of blubber in whales?

To help them breatheTo provide insulationTo help them lay eggsTo aid in swimming

How do most fish regulate their body temperature?

They use blubber.They are warm-blooded.Their temperature is the same as the water.They must move to warmer water.

What is the main idea of this reading passage?

Whales are the largest ocean animals.Whales and fish are fundamentally different despite living in the same environment.Convergent evolution explains why all ocean animals look the same.Fish are more complex than whales.

Based on the passage, if an animal lives in the ocean, breathes air, and feeds its young milk, it is most likely a:

fish.reptile.bird.mammal.