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California Government Branches — Reading Comprehension

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D2.CIV.1.3-5
D2.CIV.2.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This engaging history reading passage introduces students to the three branches of California government: the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches. Students will learn how these branches work together to create, enforce, and interpret laws, and why this system is important for fairness and democracy. The passage includes clear examples, grade-appropriate vocabulary, and a cause-and-effect structure to support literacy skills. Activities include a multiple-choice quiz, a writing prompt, and a graphic organizer to deepen understanding. The passage is aligned to C3 Framework and Common Core standards, making it perfect for classroom use. A Spanish translation and read aloud audio are included, supporting language learners and diverse classrooms. Key vocabulary terms are highlighted and defined to enhance comprehension. This resource helps students build foundational knowledge about government and citizenship, preparing them for future civic understanding.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Acrylic painting illustrating California's three branches in a — Artistic Representation of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches ensure California's government remains fair.

California’s government is divided into three main branches. These branches are called the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch. This system is based on the idea of separation of powers. Each branch has different jobs. No branch can have all the power. This keeps the government fair and balanced.

The executive branch is led by the governor. The governor is elected by the people of California. The executive branch carries out state laws. It makes sure laws are followed. The governor can also suggest new laws. The governor can sign bills into law or veto them, which means to reject a bill. The executive branch also manages state agencies, such as schools and public safety.

The legislative branch makes the laws. It is made up of two groups: the State Assembly and the State Senate. Together, they are called the California State Legislature. The legislature writes bills and debates them. If both groups agree, the bill goes to the governor. The legislative branch also decides how the state spends its money, called the budget.

The judicial branch includes the state courts and judges. The highest court in California is the California Supreme Court. The judicial branch makes sure laws are fair and follow the state constitution. Judges can decide if a law is unconstitutional, which means it goes against the state’s rules. Courts also solve problems between people, groups, or the government.

The three branches use a system called checks and balances. This means each branch can limit the power of the others. For example, the governor can veto a bill, but the legislature can override the veto if enough members agree. Courts can stop laws that are unfair. This system helps protect the rights of all Californians.

The separation of powers and checks and balances are important because they prevent any one branch from becoming too strong. This helps make sure the government works for everyone and follows the rules.

Interesting Fact: The California State Capitol building in Sacramento is where the governor, legislature, and courts all meet to do their important work.

Who leads the executive branch?

The governorThe judgeThe mayorThe president

What does the legislative branch do?

Makes lawsCarries out lawsRuns courtsTeaches students

What is the highest court in California?

California Supreme CourtLos Angeles CourtFederal CourtState Assembly

What is separation of powers?

Each branch has its own jobAll power in one branchNo laws are madeOnly the governor rules

Why are checks and balances important?

To limit branch powerTo spend moneyTo elect judgesTo write new laws

What happens if a law is unconstitutional?

Courts can stop itGovernor signs itAssembly votes againBudget is changed