What are Eukaryotic Cells? — Reading Comprehension

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that make up most of the living things we see around us. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all made of eukaryotic cells. These cells are usually larger and more advanced than prokaryotic cells, which are found in bacteria.

One of the main features of a eukaryotic cell is that it has a nucleus. The nucleus is like the control center of the cell. It holds the DNA, which contains instructions for how the cell works and grows. Eukaryotic cells also have many organelles—special parts inside the cell that do different jobs. These organelles are surrounded by membranes, which help organize the cell’s activities.

Important organelles include the mitochondria, which produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum, which helps build proteins and fats. In plant cells, there are chloroplasts, which use sunlight to make food through photosynthesis. All eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane that controls what enters and exits, and many have a cytoskeleton that helps give the cell shape and support.

Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular (like some protists) or multicellular (like humans and trees). In multicellular organisms, cells often become specialized, meaning they perform specific functions—like muscle cells for movement or nerve cells for sending signals.

These cells are essential for life as we know it. Their structure allows for greater complexity and organization, which makes it possible for organisms to grow larger and carry out many different functions.

Fun Fact: Your body is made of more than 37 trillion eukaryotic cells—each one busy keeping you alive!

What type of organisms are made of eukaryotic cells?

What structure holds the DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

What is one job of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Which organelle helps plant cells perform photosynthesis?

What does the term “specialized cell” mean in multicellular organisms?

What is the main idea of the passage?

If a eukaryotic cell had no mitochondria, what would happen?