Golgi Apparatus and Its Function — Reading Comprehension
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MS-LS1-1
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This NGSS-aligned reading passage introduces middle school students to the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. It explains how the Golgi body receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies and packages them, and ships them to their proper destinations inside or outside the cell. The text uses clear examples and comparisons, such as likening the Golgi to a post office, to make complex ideas easier to understand. This passage supports NGSS standard MS-LS1-1 by helping students explore the relationship between cell structure and function and builds science literacy with vocabulary, comprehension activities, and real-world connections.
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The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi body or Golgi complex, is an important organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Its main job is to sort, modify, and package proteins and other materials that the cell makes. Think of it as the cell’s post office—it prepares items to be sent to the right place, both inside and outside of the cell.
After ribosomes make proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum helps move them, these proteins travel to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi receives the proteins in small bubbles called vesicles. Once inside the Golgi, the proteins are processed. This may include adding small molecules like sugars or folding the proteins into their final shape.
After the proteins are modified, the Golgi packages them into new vesicles. Some are sent to other parts of the cell, while others are transported outside the cell to be used elsewhere in the body. This is especially important in cells that release hormones, enzymes, or mucus.
The Golgi apparatus is made of flat, stacked membranes that look like a pile of pancakes. Its structure helps it handle many materials at once and keep the cell organized. Without the Golgi, cells wouldn’t be able to deliver proteins where they’re needed, and important processes in the body would stop.
: The Golgi apparatus was first discovered in 1898 by scientist Camillo Golgi—and it was one of the first cell organelles ever seen under a microscope!
What is the main job of the Golgi apparatus?
Make energyPackage and ship proteinsStore DNABreak down waste
What is another name for the Golgi apparatus?
NucleusRough ERGolgi bodyCytoplasm
What carries proteins to the Golgi apparatus?
RibosomesVesiclesLipidsNucleus
What does the Golgi do to proteins?
Destroys themFreezes themModifies and folds themTurns them into sugars
What happens to proteins after they are processed in the Golgi?
They stay in the GolgiThey are sent to DNAThey are stored in the nucleusThey are packaged and sent to where they’re needed
What does the Golgi apparatus look like?
A jelly-like blobA pile of pancakesA round ballA long tube
What is the main idea of the passage?
The Golgi makes DNAThe Golgi stores sugarsThe Golgi processes and sends proteins in the cellThe Golgi helps break down food
Why is the Golgi important for hormone-releasing cells?
It gives the cell energyIt controls cell divisionIt packages hormones to send out of the cellIt holds the nucleus in place
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