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Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.16.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This engaging history reading passage introduces students to the topic of child labor during the Industrial Revolution in the United States. Through a clear, chronological narrative, readers learn how children worked in factories, the dangers they faced, and how reformers fought for change. The passage supports foundational literacy skills and is aligned with C3 Framework and Common Core standards. Activities include a comprehension quiz, writing prompts, a glossary, a timeline, and a graphic organizer. The resource also features an authentic public domain image, a Spanish translation, and a read aloud audio option, making it accessible for diverse learners. Keywords include: Industrial Revolution, child labor, Progressive Era, U.S. history, reform, and standards-based learning.

CONTENT PREVIEW

A few of the young boys working on the night shift at the Alexandria (Va.) Glass Factory. See also photos and labels 2260 to 2271. Location: Alexandria, Virginia.
Source: Library of Congress - Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940

The Industrial Revolution changed the United States in many ways. Starting in the late 1700s and growing through the 1800s, new machines and factories made it possible to produce goods faster than ever before. But this progress also created problems. One big problem was child labor.

During the Industrial Revolution, many children worked in factories, mines, and mills. Some were as young as five years old. Their families were often poor and needed every family member to earn money. Instead of going to school, children worked long hours. A typical workday could last 10 to 12 hours.

Children did many jobs. Some ran machines in loud, dirty factories. Others crawled into small spaces in coal mines to pick rocks or fix tools. Many worked in textile mills, where they helped spin thread or weave cloth. These jobs were very dangerous. Children could get hurt by sharp machines or heavy equipment. They often worked in dark, crowded rooms with little air to breathe.

Many people saw these problems and wanted to help. Reformers, like Lewis Hine, took photographs and wrote newspaper articles to show how hard life was for child workers. These reformers believed children should be safe and have a chance to learn in school. They spoke to lawmakers and the public, asking for new rules to protect children.

Over time, more people agreed that child labor was wrong. Laws were passed to stop factories from hiring young children. These laws set age limits and made sure children went to school. Life improved for many families. Children no longer had to work in dangerous places. Instead, they could learn and play like other kids.

The fight to end child labor was not easy. It took the hard work of many brave people to change the laws. Today, these laws protect children from dangerous jobs and help them get the education they need.

Interesting Fact: In 1900, about 1 out of every 6 children in the United States had a job outside the home.

What is child labor?

Children working in hard jobsChildren learning at schoolChildren playing at homeChildren making toys

Where did many children work?

Factories, mines, and millsOnly in their homesIn parksOn boats

Who was Lewis Hine?

A reformer and photographerA factory ownerA child workerA teacher

Why did children work?

Families needed moneyThey loved factoriesTo play with friendsFor fun

What was one effect of new laws?

Children went to schoolChildren worked longerFactories hired more childrenChildren owned factories

Why did reformers take photos and write articles?