Arctic Fox Facts: What Do Arctic Foxes Eat? — Reading Comprehension
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Grades
5
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Standards
MS-LS2-4
RI.6.3
RI.7.3
RI.8.8
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This learning resource is available in interactive and printable formats. The interactive worksheet can be played online and assigned to students. The Printable PDF version can be downloaded and printed for completion by hand.
This passage explores the Arctic fox's dietary adaptations aligned with NGSS standard MS-LS2-4 (Ecosystem Interactions). Students learn how these resilient canines switch between lemmings, seabird eggs, and even polar bear leftovers depending on season. The text explains their scavenging strategies, food caching behavior, and slowed winter metabolism - all adaptations to extreme seasonal changes. A fun fact reveals their color-changing fur that provides year-round camouflage. Comprehension questions focus on energy acquisition strategies in harsh environments, while vocabulary questions reinforce terms like 'opportunistic feeder.' Perfect for units on Arctic ecosystems or animal adaptations to climate extremes.
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Arctic Fox Diet
The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a master of survival in the frozen tundra. With its thick white winter coat and keen hunting skills, this small predator thrives in one of Earth’s harshest environments. But what does it eat to stay alive?
Arctic foxes are opportunistic feeders, meaning they eat whatever is available. Their diet changes with the seasons. In summer, they hunt lemmings, voles, and birds, relying on their sharp hearing to detect prey under the snow. A single fox can eat dozens of lemmings in a day! They also scavenge eggs from nests and even munch on berries and seaweed when meat is scarce.
Winter brings tougher challenges. When food is limited, Arctic foxes follow polar bears to feed on leftover seal carcasses. They also store extra food underground, saving it for later. Amazingly, their metabolism slows in extreme cold, helping them survive on scraps for weeks.
Climate change threatens Arctic foxes by reducing their prey and forcing competition with larger red foxes moving north. Yet, their ability to adapt—switching diets and enduring long hunger periods—keeps them alive.
Fun Fact: An Arctic fox’s fur changes color with the seasons—white in winter for camouflage and brown/gray in summer to blend with rocks and plants!
What is the main winter food source for Arctic foxes when hunting is difficult?
BerriesPolar bear leftoversFishInsects
How do Arctic foxes find lemmings under the snow?
By digging randomlyUsing their sharp hearingFollowing bird tracksSmelling plants
What adaptation helps Arctic foxes survive food shortages in winter?
HibernationSlower metabolismGrowing larger teethMigrating south
Why is climate change a threat to Arctic foxes?
It makes their fur too thickReduces lemming populationsMelts their underground densTurns their fur permanently white
What seasonal change helps Arctic foxes hide from predators?