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King David — Reading Comprehension

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This engaging history passage explores the life and legacy of King David, focusing on his rise as a warrior king and his establishment of Jerusalem as the capital of ancient Israel. Students will learn about David's early years, his famous battle with Goliath, his political and military leadership, and his lasting impact on religion, culture, and history. The passage uses academic vocabulary and references primary sources, such as archaeological findings and biblical texts. Activities include a reading comprehension quiz, writing prompts, graphic organizers, and a timeline. This resource is ideal for students studying ancient civilizations and aligns with CA HSS 6.2 and CCSS RI.6.1, RI.6.3, W.6.2. The passage is available in English and Spanish, with a simplified version for differentiated instruction and a read aloud audio feature. Students are challenged to analyze cause and effect, use evidence, and connect King David's story to broader historical themes.

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DuraSyn Centre sup David King — Dura Europos fresco on the West wall : David King of Israel by Gillman slide collection. / Wikimedia Commons

King David is one of the most famous rulers in the history of ancient Israel. He is remembered as a warrior, a poet, and the leader who made Jerusalem the capital city of his kingdom. King David lived around 1000 BCE, during a time when many small tribes and city-states fought for control of the land we now call Israel and Palestine.

David was born in Bethlehem and was the youngest son in his family. According to the Hebrew Bible, David first became known when he defeated the giant Goliath with only a slingshot, showing his courage and skill. Archaeological excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa, near the Valley of Elah, have revealed ancient fortifications that some scholars believe may relate to the time of David, supporting the idea of a strong leader uniting the tribes. Over time, David gained the trust of the Israelite people and became king after the death of Saul, Israel’s first king.

As king, David faced many challenges. He united the twelve tribes of Israel into a single kingdom. One of his greatest achievements was conquering the fortress of Jerusalem, which was then controlled by the Jebusites. He made Jerusalem the political and religious center of his kingdom. This decision changed the geography of power in the region and had lasting effects on the history of the Middle East. Archaeologists have found ancient structures in Jerusalem, such as stepped stone walls, that may date to David’s era, although scholars continue to debate their exact origins.

David also established a dynasty, as his descendants continued to rule after him. He is credited with expanding the kingdom’s borders and creating a more organized system of government. However, his reign was not without conflict. David faced rebellion within his own family and challenges from neighboring peoples like the Philistines. Despite these problems, many sources describe his rule as a time of greater unity and cultural growth.

King David’s impact is still felt today. He is an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. His story connects to themes of leadership, faith, and the complexities of power. The decision to make Jerusalem his capital not only unified his people but also set the stage for the city’s future significance. David’s life shows how individuals can shape history and how power, religion, and geography are often deeply linked.

This story of King David links to broader themes in ancient history, such as the rise of kingdoms, the importance of geography, and the role of leaders in shaping civilizations.

Interesting Fact: According to tradition, King David was also a talented musician and poet, credited with writing many of the Psalms found in the Hebrew Bible.

Who made Jerusalem the capital?

King DavidKing SaulGoliathThe Jebusites

What was David's first famous victory?

Defeating GoliathConquering EgyptBuilding a templeUniting the Greeks

Who controlled Jerusalem before David?

The JebusitesThe PhilistinesThe EgyptiansThe Greeks

What did David use to defeat Goliath?

A slingshotA swordA spearA shield

Why was making Jerusalem the capital important?

It unified the tribesIt made David richIt ended all warsIt was close to the sea

What evidence do archaeologists find in Jerusalem?

Ancient stone wallsGold coinsStatues of DavidModern buildings