Antarctica Climate — Reading Comprehension

Antarctica is the southernmost continent on our planet and is known as the coldest place on Earth. It is almost completely covered by thick layers of ice called ice sheets. These ice sheets are sometimes more than 4,000 meters deep! Antarctica is located around the South Pole and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. This continent is much colder than the Arctic because it sits higher above sea level and is covered with more ice, which reflects sunlight away.

The climate in Antarctica is called a polar climate. A polar climate means it is extremely cold, dry, and windy most of the year. Temperatures in the winter can drop below -60°C (-76°F). In the summer, it rarely gets above freezing. It also receives very little precipitation, making it one of the driest places on Earth, almost like a desert made of ice!

Only a few living things can survive in Antarctica's harsh conditions. Animals like penguins, seals, and certain types of birds have special adaptations to help them live there. An adaptation is a special feature or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment. For example, emperor penguins have a thick layer of fat and tightly packed feathers to keep them warm. Seals have blubber to protect them from the cold water. Most plants cannot survive, but some tiny mosses and lichens grow on rocks where it is slightly warmer.

Antarctica is also important for science. Scientists from all over the world travel there to study its ecosystem, climate, and glaciers. A glacier is a large mass of moving ice. Studying Antarctica helps scientists understand climate change and how our planet is changing over time. The ice in Antarctica locks away clues about Earth’s past climate, including bubbles of ancient air trapped in the ice.

Even though people do not live in Antarctica permanently, there are research stations where scientists stay for part of the year. These stations are built to handle the extreme cold and strong winds. Supplies must be brought in by ship or plane.

Interesting Fact: The largest iceberg ever recorded broke off from Antarctica in 2000 and was bigger than the island of Jamaica!

Where is Antarctica located?

What covers most of Antarctica?

What is a glacier?

Why is Antarctica drier than most deserts?

How do emperor penguins stay warm?

What helps scientists study Earth's past climate?

Antarctica is always warm. True or false?

What is adaptation?