Frost Wedging: How Ice Splits Rock — Reading Comprehension
Rate this
Premium Resource
Present
Present in classroom. No work saved
Assign
Classroom with student accounts, Track progress
Quick Play
No student accounts, assign with a link
Grades
5
6
7
8
Standards
MS-ESS2-1
MS-ESS2-2
RST.6-8.3
PRINT+DIGITAL RESOURCE
This learning resource is available in interactive and printable formats. The interactive worksheet can be played online and assigned to students. The Printable PDF version can be downloaded and printed for completion by hand.
This passage explains frost wedging as a mechanical weathering process. Aligned with NGSS MS-ESS2-1 (Earth’s systems) and ESS2-2 (surface processes), it details how water expansion in cracks fractures rocks. Examples include alpine landscapes (Matterhorn), road potholes, and potential Martian weathering. The text meets CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RST.6-8.3 for sequencing scientific processes and emphasizes climate dependence (temperatures near 0°C) and rock properties (porosity). Applied connections to erosion hazards and planetary geology are highlighted.
CONTENT PREVIEW
Expand content preview
Frost wedging (or freeze-thaw weathering) is a mechanical weathering process where water seeps into cracks in rocks, freezes, and expands—prying the rock apart over time. This powerful force shapes mountains, cliffs, and landscapes in cold or temperate regions.
How It Works
Water Enters Cracks: Rain or meltwater fills fractures in bedrock.
Freezing Expansion: When temperatures drop, water freezes and expands by 9%, exerting pressure (up to 2,100 kg/cm²).
Rock Fractures: Repeated cycles widen cracks until chunks break off.
Key Features
● Climate Dependence: Most effective where temperatures fluctuate around 0°C (32°F).
● Rock Type: Works best in porous rocks (sandstone, granite) with many cracks.
● Alpine Mountains: Frost wedging sculpts the Matterhorn’s steep faces.
● Potholes in Roads: The same process damages asphalt in winter.
● Mars: Frost action may contribute to rock breakdown in polar regions.
Frost wedging is a key part of the rock cycle, breaking down bedrock into sediment. Understanding it helps predict erosion risks and landscape evolution.
Fun Fact: Water is the only common substance on Earth that expands when it freezes, increasing by about 9% in volume! This unique property makes frost wedging powerful enough to split boulders weighing several tons and even crack engine blocks when radiator fluid freezes.
What is the first step in frost wedging?
Ice melts rapidlyWater enters rock cracksRocks chemically dissolveWind blows sand into fractures
How much does water expand when freezing?
1%5%9%20%
Which climate is ideal for frost wedging?
Consistently hotStable subzero temperaturesFluctuating around 0°CArid desert
What landform does frost wedging create?
Sand dunesTalus slopesCoral reefsLava tubes
Why is granite vulnerable to frost wedging?
It’s impermeableIt lacks cracksIt’s porous with fracturesIt dissolves in water
Where is frost wedging not a major force?
AlpsCanadian ShieldSahara DesertRocky Mountains
How does frost wedging affect humans?
Creates potholes in roadsPrevents all erosionStrengthens building foundationsForms oil reservoirs
What planetary body shows frost weathering?
VenusMarsJupiterMercury
Perfect For:
👩🏫 Teachers
• Reading comprehension practice
• Auto-graded assessments
• Literacy skill development
👨👩👧👦 Parents
• Reading practice at home
• Comprehension improvement
• Educational reading time
🏠 Homeschoolers
• Reading curriculum support
• Independent reading practice
• Progress monitoring
Reading Features:
📖
Reading Passage
Engaging fiction or nonfiction text
❓
Comprehension Quiz
Auto-graded questions
📊
Instant Feedback
Immediate results and scoring
📄
Printable Version
Download for offline reading
🔊
Read Aloud
Voice-over with word highlighting
Reviews & Ratings
No reviews yet. Be the first to share your experience!
Related Content
Limestone Caves: Nature’s Underground Wonders
This passage explains limestone cave formation through carbonation, aligned with NGSS MS-ESS2-1 (Earth’s systems) and L...
MS-ESS2-1LS2.CRST.6-8.7
Volcanic Eruptions: Causes, Types, and Key Features
This science passage explains volcanic eruptions, aligned with NGSS MS-ESS3-2 (natural hazards) and ESS2-2 (Earth’s syst...
MS-ESS3-2MS-ESS2-2RST.6-8.3
Chemical Weathering: The Breakdown of Rocks Through Chemical Reactions
This passage explains chemical weathering processes, aligned with NGSS MS-ESS2-1 (Earth’s systems) and ESS2-2 (surface ...
MS-ESS2-1MS-ESS2-2RST.6-8.4
Talus Slopes: Formation and Features
This earth science passage explains talus slope formation through mechanical weathering processes, aligning with NGSS MS...
MS-ESS2-1MS-ESS2-2RST.6-8.4
Biological Weathering: Types and Examples
This passage details biological weathering processes, connecting to NGSS MS-ESS2-1 (Earth's systems) and LS2.B (ecosyste...