How Heat Moves Between Objects — Reading Comprehension
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3
4
5
Standards
NGSS 4-PS3-2
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This learning resource is available in interactive and printable formats. The interactive worksheet can be played online and assigned to students. The Printable PDF version can be downloaded and printed for completion by hand.
This 250-word reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the concept of heat transfer between objects in direct contact. Aligned to NGSS standard 4-PS3-2 and Disciplinary Core Idea PS3.B: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer, the passage explains how heat energy naturally moves from warmer objects to cooler objects when they touch. Using familiar examples such as holding a cold glass of water, warming hands on a hot mug, or cooking food in a hot pan, students build foundational understanding of thermal energy transfer. The passage includes bolded key vocabulary terms like heat, temperature, and thermal energy, each defined in context for accessibility. Audio-integrated features support diverse learners by providing read-aloud options for both the standard and simplified differentiated versions. The educational package includes Spanish translations of both passage versions, a comprehensive glossary, multiple-choice comprehension questions, writing activities, and graphic organizers. These scaffolded materials help students develop scientific understanding through reading, discussion, and hands-on investigation. The content avoids technical terminology like conduction while focusing on observable phenomena that students can relate to their daily experiences, making abstract energy concepts concrete and understandable for elementary learners.
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Conduction is the transfer of heat energy through direct contact between objects. Image credit Frepik.
Heat is a type of energy that can move from one object to another. Heat always moves in the same direction—from warmer objects to cooler objects. This happens when objects touch each other. Understanding how heat moves helps us cook food, stay warm, and use energy wisely.
When you hold a cold glass of water, your hand feels cold. This happens because heat energy moves from your warm hand into the cold glass. Your hand has a higher temperature, which means it has more heat energy. The glass has a lower temperature, so it has less heat energy. Heat always travels from the object with more heat energy to the object with less heat energy.
The same thing happens when you cook. A hot pan sitting on the stove has lots of heat energy. When you place cold food in the pan, heat moves from the hot pan into the cooler food. The food gets warmer and cooks. The pan might cool down a little bit as it gives some of its heat to the food.
You can feel heat moving in many everyday situations. When you warm your hands on a hot mug of cocoa, heat moves from the mug to your hands. When you sit on a cold bench, heat moves from your body to the bench. The movement of heat continues until both objects reach the same temperature. Then the heat stops moving because there is no difference in temperature anymore.
Which direction does heat always move?
From warm objects to cool objectsFrom cool objects to warm objectsHeat does not move at allHeat moves in all directions equally
What is temperature?
How fast an object movesHow hot or cold something isThe color of an objectHow heavy something is
What happens when you hold a cold glass?
Heat moves from glass to handHeat moves from hand to glassNo heat moves at allThe glass creates new heat
Why does food cook in a pan?
Food creates its own heatAir heats the food directlyHeat moves from pan to foodThe pan gets colder
When does heat stop moving between objects?
After exactly five minutesWhen they reach same temperatureWhen one object disappearsHeat never stops moving
What happens to your hands on hot cocoa?
Your hands get colderYour hands stay same temperatureHeat moves from mug to handsHands give heat to the mug
Heat is a type of energy.
TrueFalse
What does heat energy mean?
Energy from the sun onlyEnergy that moves from warm to coolEnergy that makes things blueEnergy that stops all movement
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