The Iroquois Great Law of Peace — Reading Comprehension

The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Haudenosaunee, was a powerful alliance of six Native American nations: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and later the Tuscarora. These nations once experienced frequent warfare and conflict over territory and resources. In the 15th century, they created the Great Law of Peace to solve these problems. This agreement became one of the earliest written constitutions in North America.

The Great Law of Peace was designed to stop violence and establish unity among the Iroquois nations. The law set up a system of representative government, where each nation chose leaders called sachems to join a central council. This council was responsible for making decisions that affected all nations. The process encouraged consensus, meaning leaders tried to reach agreement rather than simply voting. This approach reduced conflict and promoted cooperation.

The creation of the Great Law was influenced by the teachings of two important figures: Deganawida, known as the Peacemaker, and his spokesperson Hiawatha. Together, they convinced the warring nations to come together for the good of all. According to the oral tradition, Deganawida said, “We plant the tree of peace and shelter ourselves beneath it.” This statement symbolized the unity and protection provided by the new laws.

Although the Great Law of Peace was successful in many ways, its implementation faced challenges. Not all members always agreed, and disputes still occurred. However, the law provided a framework for peaceful resolution of disagreements. Women, especially the Clan Mothers, held significant power in selecting sachems and guiding decisions, showing the important role of women in Iroquois society.

European settlers later encountered the Iroquois Confederacy and were impressed by its organization. Some historians believe that the ideas of the Great Law of Peace influenced early American leaders. For example, Benjamin Franklin wrote about the Iroquois system and suggested that colonies could “join or die” if they did not unite. This shows how Native American governance inspired the creation of the United States’ own constitution.

From the Iroquois perspective, the Great Law was about more than just rules—it was about creating harmony and balance. From the European perspective, it was a model of effective government. These different viewpoints highlight the complexity and significance of the Great Law of Peace in U.S. history.

Interesting Fact: The Iroquois Confederacy still exists today, and the Great Law of Peace continues to guide its members in their decisions and traditions.

Who were the Haudenosaunee?

What was the main goal of the Great Law?

Who helped create the Great Law?

What is consensus?

Which group chose the sachems?

How did the Great Law influence the U.S.?

The Iroquois Confederacy still exists today.

What does 'representative government' mean?