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Native Languages: Loss and Revival — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This engaging U.S. history reading passage examines the history of Native American language loss and ongoing efforts toward revitalization and preservation. Students will learn how U.S. government boarding schools enforced assimilation by punishing children for speaking their tribal languages, resulting in severe linguistic and cultural loss. The passage highlights the challenges faced by Native communities and the significant work of modern revitalization programs. Key vocabulary such as linguistic, assimilation, preservation, and revitalization are woven into the narrative to enhance academic understanding. Included are differentiated and Spanish-translated versions, multiple-choice and writing activities, and graphic organizers. Aligned with HSS 5.1, 8.8, CCSS.RI.6-8.1, RI.6-8.2, this resource is designed to build historical thinking and literacy skills, and features read-aloud audio support.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Native-Languages-Loss-and-Revival — Over 300 indigenous languages were once spoken in the United States.

The loss of Native American languages in the United States is a result of historical government policies and efforts to force cultural assimilation. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the U.S. government established boarding schools that separated Native children from their families. At these schools, students were often punished for speaking their tribal languages. This practice was part of a systematic attempt to replace Native traditions with English language and American customs, which was known as assimilation.

Because of these policies, thousands of children lost the chance to learn their ancestors' languages. Many Native American languages, which are unique and important parts of cultural identity, became endangered or nearly extinct. Linguists, who study the science of language, estimate that over 300 tribal languages once existed in North America, but today only about 175 remain, and many have very few fluent speakers left. This drastic decline in linguistic diversity has had long-lasting effects on Native communities.

The consequences of language loss go beyond just words. Native languages carry traditional knowledge, values, and history. When a language disappears, so does a unique way of seeing the world. Elders who still speak these languages are considered cultural treasures, but as they age, the risk of losing these heritages increases. For many tribes, this loss is deeply painful and threatens the survival of their cultures.

In recent decades, communities have begun important work to reverse this damage through revitalization programs. These efforts include language immersion schools, summer camps, and digital recordings of elders. Technology has also become a powerful tool, as apps and online courses help younger generations learn tribal languages. These programs focus on preservation and passing on knowledge before the last fluent speakers are gone.

Revival is not easy. Many tribes face challenges such as limited resources, few available teachers, and historical trauma. However, the determination to reclaim language as a core part of identity remains strong. Tribes work with universities, museums, and non-profit organizations to document words and create teaching materials. Some tribes have even passed laws declaring their languages official within their nations.

Despite significant obstacles, these collaborations are showing results. Children who learn their heritage languages develop stronger connections to their culture and community. The success of these revitalization efforts is a testament to the resilience and pride of Native peoples. The fight to save Native languages is ongoing, but every new speaker is a victory for cultural survival.

Interesting Fact: The Cherokee language was one of the first Native American languages to have a written alphabet, created by Sequoyah in the early 1800s.

Why were Native children punished in boarding schools?

For speaking tribal languagesFor not wearing uniformsFor using EnglishFor arriving late

What is assimilation?

Learning a new sportAdopting another group's cultureTraveling far from homeMaking laws

Who created the Cherokee written alphabet?

SequoyahSitting BullTecumsehGeronimo

What do revitalization programs do?

Help save languagesBuild new schoolsTeach farmingMake new laws

Why is language loss painful for tribes?

It erases cultural identityIt helps them learn mathIt makes travel easierIt increases trade

What is a challenge for language revival?

Few teachersToo many booksToo much fundingMany fluent speakers