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When Mexico Took Over California — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
D2.HIS.14.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This engaging U.S. history reading passage explores the period when Mexico took over California during the era of Westward Expansion. Students will learn about the Mission Period, the Rancho Era, and how control changed from Spain to Mexico. The passage features accessible vocabulary, a clear timeline of key events, and highlights the bravery and unity of people living in California at the time. Aligned to C3 Framework and Common Core standards, this resource includes a glossary, multiple-choice quiz, writing activities, timeline, and graphic organizers. The passage is student-ready, includes read aloud audio, and provides a complete Spanish translation, making it perfect for diverse learners and classrooms focusing on U.S. history and literacy skills.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"Storming of Palace Hill at the Battle of Monterey [i.e. Monterrey]" by Sadd, Henry S. / Library of Congress.

In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain. When this happened, California changed from a Spanish colony to a Mexican territory. This important event brought many changes to the people and land of California.

Before 1821, Spain controlled California. The Spanish built missions, which were churches and communities run by priests. The missions were created to teach Native Californians about Spanish culture and religion. Spanish governors and soldiers protected the land and kept order.

After 1821, Mexico became the new ruler of California. One of the first big changes was the secularization of the missions. Secularization means that the missions were taken away from the church and given to private people or the government. The Mexican government thought the missions had too much power. They wanted to give land to more people, including Mexican settlers called rancheros.

The Mexican government passed new laws. These laws allowed large pieces of land, called ranchos, to be given or sold to families and individuals. Rancheros raised cattle and grew crops on their new lands. This led to the growth of new towns and markets. The way of life in California changed as families from Mexico and other places moved in.

Native Californians were affected by these changes. Many lost their homes and land after the missions closed. Some worked on the ranchos, while others tried to keep their traditions alive. The Mexican period brought both problems and opportunities to people in California.

There were also changes in government. Spanish leaders were replaced by Mexican officials. These new leaders made decisions for the people of California and helped the area grow. Roads, towns, and trade increased during Mexican rule. California became more connected to the rest of the world.

The time when Mexico ruled California lasted until 1846, when the United States took control. But the Mexican period left a strong mark. Many cities, ranchos, and traditions from this time still exist today.

Interesting Fact: The names of many California cities, such as Los Angeles and San Diego, come from the Spanish and Mexican periods.

When did Mexico take over California?

1821184617761810

What was secularization?

Taking land from churchMaking new missionsBuilding more roadsEnding ranchos

Who were rancheros?

Native CaliforniansMexican settlersSpanish priestsAmerican farmers

Why did Mexican leaders want secularization?

Missions had too much powerTo build more citiesTo teach SpanishTo help Native Americans

How did Native Californians' lives change?

Lost homes and landBecame rancherosBuilt missionsGained new lands

What happened to the missions?