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Consumers Get Energy By Eating — Reading Comprehension

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This educational resource, aligned with NGSS 5-LS2-1, helps students understand how consumers obtain energy by eating. The passage, 'Consumers Get Energy By Eating,' explains the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem and how matter moves through these living things. It uses simple language and defines key scientific terms, making complex ideas accessible for Grade 5 learners. The accompanying activities include reading comprehension questions at various DOK levels, a vocabulary-building glossary, and short answer questions to deepen understanding. All components are audio integrated to support diverse learning styles and enhance engagement with science concepts like food chains and energy transfer.

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Food chain showing sun, carrot, rabbit, fox, bear, and human with energy arrows. — Energy flows from sun to producer to consumers in a wide ecosystem food chain.

Consumers Get Energy By Eating

All living things need energy to survive. But not all living things get their energy in the same way. Consumers are living things that cannot make their own food. Unlike plants, which are called producers, consumers must eat other organisms to get the energy they need.

The flow of energy starts with the sun. The sun gives energy to Earth. Producers like plants use sunlight to make food in a process called photosynthesis. When a consumer, such as a rabbit, eats a plant, it gets the energy that the plant made from sunlight. If a hawk eats the rabbit, the energy passes to the hawk. Each time an organism eats another, energy moves along what is called a food chain.

There are different types of consumers. Herbivores eat only plants. Examples are rabbits, deer, and caterpillars. Carnivores eat only other animals. Lions, hawks, and sharks are carnivores. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Bears, humans, and pigs are omnivores. Each type of consumer gets energy from what it eats.

Consumers must eat because they cannot capture sunlight like plants do. Animals, including humans, need food energy to move, grow, think, and stay warm. When consumers eat, their bodies break down the food through digestion. This releases the energy stored in the food so the animal can use it.

Not all the energy from food gets passed on. Some energy is lost as heat at each step. This is why food chains usually have just a few levels.

Here is an example of a food chain: grass (producer) → grasshopper (consumer) → frog (consumer) → snake (consumer) → hawk (consumer).

Humans are consumers too! Everything we eat was once alive or came from something alive. You can think of consumers as batteries that need recharging—they cannot make their own power, so they have to 'plug in' by eating food to get energy!

Interesting Fact: If you follow the energy in your lunch back far enough, it always starts with the sun!

What is a consumer?

An organism that eats othersA plant making foodSunlight energyA part of a plant

What do producers do?

Eat other animalsMake their own foodLose energy as heatEat only plants

Which is a herbivore?

LionRabbitHawkShark

Why must consumers eat?

They can't use sunlight directlyTo become producersTo lose energy as heatTo make sunlight

What happens to some energy in a food chain?

It is lost as heatIt multipliesIt becomes a producerIt disappears forever

If a hawk eats a snake, what happens?