Homestead Act: Free Land for Settlers — Reading Comprehension

The Homestead Act was a law passed by the U.S. government in 1862. This law gave people a chance to get free land in the West. The government wanted more families to move and start new farms across the country.

To get land, settlers had to follow some rules. They must be at least 21 years old or the head of a family. They had to promise to live on the land and build a house. The law said, "Any person who is the head of a family... shall be entitled to enter one quarter section of land." Settlers also had to farm the land for five years.

Many people saw this as a big opportunity. They traveled far by wagon, foot, or train. Life on the new land was hard. There were no towns, roads, or stores. Families worked together to build homes from grass and wood. They planted crops and took care of animals. The weather could be very cold or dry. Still, many settlers did not give up.

The Homestead Act changed America. New towns and farms grew in the West. People from many countries came to start a new life. Some Native American lands were taken, which caused problems and sadness.

The Homestead Act lasted until 1976. In over 100 years, it helped give away more than 270 million acres of land. That is as big as many states put together!

Interesting Fact: The very first person to claim land under the Homestead Act was Daniel Freeman, who filed his claim on January 1, 1863.

When was the Homestead Act passed?

Who was the first to claim land?

How long did settlers farm the land?

Why did the government pass the Act?

What did settlers have to promise?

What was one effect of the Act?

The Homestead Act lasted until 1976.

What does 'opportunity' mean?