This NGSS-aligned reading passage introduces Grade 4-5 students to the science of slow changes in metals, focusing on rusting and tarnishing. Students will learn how rusting is a chemical reaction between iron, water, and oxygen, and how tarnishing affects metals like silver. The passage defines key terms, uses real-world examples such as rusty bikes and tarnished jewelry, and highlights the importance of protecting metals from corrosion. Included are a glossary, an English-Spanish translation, a multiple-choice quiz, and writing activities that support comprehension and scientific thinking. The resource is audio integrated and supports both English and Spanish learners, making it ideal for classroom or home use. Students are encouraged to connect scientific ideas to everyday life and think critically about cause and effect in nature.
Written by Workybooks TeamPublished by Workybooks
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Rusting happens when iron or steel reacts with oxygen and water. Image by jarmoluk / Pixabay.
Rusting and tarnishing are examples of slow changes that happen to metals over time. These changes are called chemical reactions because the metal reacts with things around it, like air and water.
Rusting happens when iron or steel reacts with oxygen and water. This reaction forms a reddish-brown substance called rust. Rust is weak and flaky, and it can make metal objects break easily. For example, a bike left outside in the rain can start to rust, making it harder to use. Bridges, cars, and even playground equipment can rust if they are not protected.
Tarnishing is a similar slow change, but it usually happens to metals like silver or copper. When these metals react with substances in the air, like sulfur or oxygen, a thin, dark coating forms on their surface. This coating is called tarnish. Tarnished metal looks dull or dirty, but it is usually only on the surface. For example, silver jewelry can tarnish and lose its shiny look, but it can be cleaned and made shiny again.
Both rusting and tarnishing are examples of corrosion. Corrosion is the process where metals slowly break down because of chemical reactions with their environment. To prevent corrosion, people often paint metal, cover it with oil, or use special coatings. This helps keep the metal strong and looking new for longer.
Interesting Fact: The Statue of Liberty is green because its copper surface has tarnished over time, forming a protective layer called patina.
What causes rusting in iron?
Water and oxygenJust sunlightOnly waterOnly soil
What is tarnishing most common on?
Silver or copperWoodPlasticGlass
What is corrosion?
Slow breakdown of metalsTurning metal into plasticHeating metal quicklyPainting metal bright colors
Why do people paint metal objects?
To prevent corrosionTo make them softTo make them heavyTo help them float
What happens if a bike is left in rain?
It can rustIt gets lighterIt becomes plasticIt melts
How is tarnish different from rust?
Tarnish is only on surfaceTarnish is redTarnish is caused by waterTarnish is found on iron
Rust is a type of corrosion. True or false?
TrueFalse
What does 'patina' mean?
Protective green layer on copperA type of paintA metal toolA kind of rust