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The Grange Movement — Reading Comprehension

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This passage explores the Grange Movement, a key event in U.S. history during the Progressive Era. Students will read about how American farmers faced serious economic struggles in the late 1800s and organized to form the Grange, which led to the creation of cooperatives, calls for railroad regulation, and greater social unity in rural communities. The passage analyzes the problems farmers faced, the solutions they implemented, and the lasting impact of their activism. Designed for developing critical thinking and historical analysis, the content includes a rich glossary, Spanish translation, timeline, differentiated version for diverse learners, and engaging activities. The reading passage and activities align with standards HSS 8.12.6 and CCSS.RI.6-8.1, RI.6-8.3. With included read-aloud audio and Spanish resources, this lesson supports language learners and helps all students understand how collective action can bring about change.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"[Illinois - the grange movement - the lodge room in the schoolhouse near Edwardsville during the session of the local grange...]" /
Source: Library of Congress.

The Grange Movement began in the United States during the late 1800s, as farmers faced serious economic difficulties. Many farmers struggled with falling crop prices, high debt, and unfair railroad practices that made it costly to transport their goods to market. In response to these challenges, farmers realized they needed to work together to protect their interests and improve their lives.

In 1867, Oliver Hudson Kelley helped create the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, commonly known as the Grange. This organization provided a way for farmers to form local chapters and support each other. The Grange promoted social connections, educational opportunities, and economic cooperation among rural Americans. Members gathered at regular meetings to discuss problems, share advice, and build a sense of community.

One of the Grange's most important strategies was the creation of cooperatives. A cooperative is a business owned and managed by a group of people who share its profits and benefits. By pooling their resources, farmers could buy supplies in bulk at lower prices and sell their crops together to get better deals. This reduced their dependence on middlemen and increased their bargaining power in the marketplace.

However, Grange members soon realized that unfair practices by railroad companies and grain storage facilities remained a huge obstacle. Railroads often charged high fees to transport crops, taking advantage of farmers who had no other way to reach distant markets. The Grange responded by lobbying state governments to pass laws that regulated railroad rates and protected farmers from exploitation. This type of advocacy was an early example of grassroots activism and public pressure leading to government regulation.

The Grange Movement faced opposition from powerful railroad companies and some politicians who supported big business interests. Despite these conflicts, the Grange successfully inspired a wave of reform laws in several states, known as the "Granger Laws." These laws set limits on the prices railroads and grain elevators could charge. The Grange also paved the way for later organizations, such as the Farmers' Alliances and the Populist Party, which continued to fight for the rights of rural Americans.

Although the Grange's political influence declined by the end of the 1800s, it left a lasting legacy. The movement helped rural communities develop leadership skills, encouraged civic participation, and promoted the idea that ordinary citizens could bring about change. The Grange also showed the importance of solidarity, cooperation, and community in overcoming difficult times.

Interesting Fact: The Grange was not just about politics—it also organized social events, dances, and educational programs, helping to bring isolated farm families together.

Who helped create the Grange?

Oliver Hudson KelleyAbraham LincolnSusan B. AnthonyAndrew Carnegie

What year was the Grange founded?

1867189018451901

What did the Granger Laws do?

Limited railroad pricesBanned farmingBuilt new railroadsEnded all cooperatives

Why did farmers form cooperatives?

To get better pricesTo move to citiesTo build factoriesTo stop farming

How did the Grange support rural communities?

Created social eventsClosed schoolsStopped all meetingsBanned education

The Grange pushed for what government action?

Regulation of railroadsMore taxesNo votingLonger work hours