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This engaging 250-word reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the concept of exoskeletons, aligning with NGSS standard 4-LS1-1 and the Disciplinary Core Idea LS1.A: Structure and Function. Students discover that some animals like insects, crabs, and spiders have their skeleton on the outside of their body instead of inside. The passage explains how exoskeletons are hard outer coverings that protect soft body parts, provide support, and prevent water loss. Unlike internal skeletons with bones that grow continuously, exoskeletons cannot grow with the animal. This leads to the fascinating process of molting, where animals must shed their old exoskeleton and grow a new, larger one. The passage compares exoskeletons to internal skeletons, helping students understand the diversity of animal structures. Audio integration supports diverse learners by providing multiple ways to access the content. The simplified differentiated version uses shorter sentences and familiar vocabulary while maintaining the same core science concepts. Both English and Spanish translations are included to support multilingual learners. Accompanying activities include comprehension questions, writing prompts, and graphic organizers that reinforce understanding of structure and function relationships in living organisms.
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Insects shed shells to grow.
Most animals you know, like dogs and birds, have bones inside their bodies. But some animals are built differently. Insects (small animals with six legs like beetles and ants), crabs, and spiders have their skeleton on the outside of their body. This hard outer covering is called an exoskeleton.
An exoskeleton works like a suit of armor. It protects the soft body parts inside from getting hurt. The exoskeleton also gives the animal's body shape and support, just like your bones hold you up. Another important job of the exoskeleton is to keep water inside the animal's body so it doesn't dry out.
There is one big difference between an exoskeleton and the bones inside your body. Your bones grow as you grow. But an exoskeleton cannot grow. When an insect or crab gets too big for its exoskeleton, it must shed the old one. This process is called molting. The animal grows a new, larger exoskeleton underneath the old one. Then it crawls out of the old exoskeleton, leaving it behind like an empty shell. The new exoskeleton is soft at first, but it hardens in a few hours or days.
Interesting Fact: A cicada can live underground for 17 years, molting several times as it grows. When it finally comes above ground as an adult, you can often find its empty exoskeleton still clinging to a tree!
What is an exoskeleton?
Bones inside an animal's bodyA hard outer covering on animalsSoft skin that protects animalsA type of insect wing
Which animals have exoskeletons?
Dogs, cats, and birdsFish and sharksInsects, crabs, and spidersHorses and cows
What does an exoskeleton do?
It helps animals fly fasterIt protects and supports the bodyIt helps animals breathe underwaterIt makes animals grow bigger
Why do animals with exoskeletons molt?
Because they are sick or hurtTo change their body colorThe exoskeleton cannot grow with themTo find a new home
What happens after an animal molts?
The new exoskeleton is hard immediatelyThe animal stops growing foreverThe new exoskeleton hardens over timeThe animal loses its protection
How is an exoskeleton different from bones?
Exoskeletons are on the outsideExoskeletons are always softBones protect better than exoskeletonsBones are found in insects
An exoskeleton can grow as the animal grows.
TrueFalse
What does molting mean?
Growing new legs or wingsShedding an old exoskeletonEating a special type of foodMoving to a new location
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